Caching mechanism for wrapper types

Java Most of the wrapper types corresponding to the basic data types use the caching mechanism to improve performance .Byte、Short、Integer、Long this 4 The wrapper class creates a value by default [-128, 127] The corresponding type of cache data of the closed interval ,Character The packing type creates a value in [0, 127] Cache data in a closed range ,Boolean Packaging type direct return True perhaps False.

Byte Cache source code ：

public static Byte valueOf(byte b) {
    final int offset = 128;
    return ByteCache.cache[(int)b + offset];
}

private static class ByteCache {
    private ByteCache(){}
    static final Byte cache[] = new Byte[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
    static {
        for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
            cache[i] = new Byte((byte)(i - 128));
    }
}

Short Cache source code ：

public static Short valueOf(short s) {
    final int offset = 128;
    int sAsInt = s;
    if (sAsInt >= -128 && sAsInt <= 127) { // must cache
        return ShortCache.cache[sAsInt + offset];
    }
    return new Short(s);
}

private static class ShortCache {
    private ShortCache(){}
    static final Short cache[] = new Short[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
    static {
        for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
            cache[i] = new Short((short)(i - 128));
    }
}

Integer Cache source code ：

public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
    if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
        return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
    return new Integer(i);
}

private static class IntegerCache {
    static final int low = -128;
    static final int high;
    static final Integer cache[];
    static {
        // high value may be configured by property
        int h = 127;
        String integerCacheHighPropValue =
            sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
        if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
            try {
                int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
            } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
            }
        }
        high = h;
        cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
        int j = low;
        for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
            cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
        assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
    }
    private IntegerCache() {}
}

You can see , Through valueOf() Method creation Integer When the object , If the value is [-128,127] Between , And then it goes back to IntegerCache.cache[] A reference to an object that already exists in ; Otherwise create a new Integer object .

Long Cache source code :

 public static Long valueOf(long l) {
     final int offset = 128;
     if (l >= -128 && l <= 127) { // will cache
         return LongCache.cache[(int)l + offset];
     }
     return new Long(l);
 }

private static class LongCache {
    private LongCache(){}
    static final Long cache[] = new Long[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
    static {
        for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
            cache[i] = new Long(i - 128);
    }
}

Character  Cache source code :

public static Character valueOf(char c) {
    if (c <= 127) { // must cache
        return CharacterCache.cache[(int)c];
    }
    return new Character(c);
}

private static class CharacterCache {
    private CharacterCache(){}
    static final Character cache[] = new Character[127 + 1];
    static {
        for (int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
            cache[i] = new Character((char)i);
    }
}

You can see , Through valueOf() Method creation Character When the object , If the value is [0,127] Between , And then it goes back to CharacterCache.cache[] A reference to an object that already exists in ; Otherwise create a new Character object .

Boolean  Cache source code ：

public static Boolean valueOf(boolean b) {
    return (b ? TRUE : FALSE);
}

Two types of floating-point wrapper classes Float、Double There is no caching mechanism .

besides , Note the comparison of values between all integer wrapper class objects , All required equals Methods to compare . This is a mandatory requirement in Alibaba code specification .

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