Understand China's financial system in one article

Link to the original text ： Understand China's financial system - You know (zhihu.com)

Countries in the world have different financial systems , For example, Germany , It's a “ Bank led ” Financial system countries , Several big banks play a dominant role , The weight of financial markets is very small . In other words, bank assets account for% of Germany GDP The proportion is very, very large .

The United States is the opposite of Germany , It's a “ Market leading ” Financial system countries , Financial markets play a great role , And the concentration of banks is very small . In other words, the market value of U.S. stocks accounts for GDP The proportion of is very, very large .

What about the style of China's financial system ？

This is the knowledge point to be popularized in this article today .

Want to invest well in China , We must first understand China's financial system , So let's start today ：

According to the status and function of China's financial institutions , The main financial systems can be divided into the following categories ：

One 、 People's Bank of China

We often hear it in news reports “ The central bank ” The full name is “ People's Bank of China ”, We also habitually call it “ Yang Ma ”.

It is mainly responsible for the issuance of currency 、 Financial supervision 、 Circulation of money … It is the general valve of market liquidity .

For example, if the economy is bad, the central bank will cut interest rates , If the economy is too hot, interest rates will increase , When there is no money, there will be water , This operation is better than kissing my mother , Is there any ？

So when you have no money, you first think of asking the central bank for help . Over time, it will affectionately call it “ Yang Ma ” 了 .

Two 、 The Ministry of Finance

Another important department at the same level as Yang Ma is called “ The Ministry of Finance ”, For the convenience of memory , You can call it “ Rich dad ”.

The Ministry of finance is an integral part of the State Council , Mainly responsible for “ closed ”、“ the ”、“ tube ” These three major aspects of finance .

such as ： Tax formulation 、 Social security expenditure 、 Issuance of treasury bonds …… It's in charge .

So this department is related to the whole society “ having dinner ” and “ Building ” problem , It is closely related to our common people .

“ Yang Ma ” And “ Rich dad ” It's all about money , But the responsibilities are different .

Last few months , Because the process of getting rid of the bar is not very ideal , therefore “ Yang Ma ” And “ Rich dad ” Then the debate broke out across the air .

“ Yang Ma ” say ： Now there are so many bad debts , It's all caused by your state-owned enterprises and local governments' excessive borrowing . Now the economy is down , You should pay some money 、 Help them tide over the difficulties , Or give them tax cuts , Reduce their stress .

“ Rich dad ” say ： I can do whatever you want me to do ？ I have my own plan , Mind your own business . We are of the same level , You have no right to teach me how to do .

therefore , If our country wants to develop its economy well , This is right “ spouse ” You must cooperate .

3、 ... and 、 Commercial financial regulators

China's financial regulatory agencies used to have three major institutions , Namely ：

1、 CBRC （ Supervise and manage banks , For example, the four major banks 、 credit cooperative ）,

2、 Circ （ Supervise and manage insurance companies , For example, the commercial insurance company we buy ）,

3、 The securities and futures commission （ Supervise and manage securities 、 futures . For example, stock investment trading 、 Enterprise listing approval ）

But at the beginning of this year ,“ CBRC ” And “ Circ ” Officially merged , Rename as “ Silver circ ”.

You see , After the merger, it is called “ Silver circ ” Instead of calling “ China Insurance and Banking Regulatory Commission ”, So the boss of this new institution is the boss of the former CBRC .

therefore , Now the two most important financial regulators are “ Silver circ ”、“ The securities and futures commission ”.

The former governs banks and insurance companies , The latter governs the stock market （ Stocks ）.

Ordinary people are like banks 、 insurance 、 negotiable securities If the company deceives , Call these two institutions directly to complain , A useful , They favor the common people .

Four 、 Policy financial institutions

Policy financial institutions refer to “ Not for profit , Provide money specifically for national economic policies ” Institutions .

That is to say “ The National Development Bank 、 The Export Import Bank of China 、 Agricultural Development Bank of China ” These three banks .

Their duty is to lend money to the state , For example, the country should develop its economy 、 Need money , Then get a loan from them .

5、 ... and 、 State Administration of Foreign Exchange

The State Administration of foreign exchange is managed by the central bank , Mainly responsible for the management of the country's foreign exchange reserves 、 Adjust the balance of international payments . It also has certain management functions for banks .

Simply put, it is to manage currencies other than national currencies , Like the dollar .

therefore , Foreign exchange is right to find them .

good , Having introduced the most important financial institutions , Then who is in charge of them ？

Of course, it belongs to the highest state administrative organ of our country --“ The State Council ” Have jurisdiction over .

For the convenience of everyone's memory , I drew a special picture , Array the relationship structure of our Chinese financial system , You can save this picture ：

Okay , China's financial system has spread to this （ This is not the case with foreign financial systems ）, Only by understanding the financial system can we understand the economy better , Only by understanding the economy can we do a better job in investment .