Actual combat | UI automation test framework design and pageobject transformation

This article is excerpted from Hogwarts 《 Advanced test and development 》 The teaching content of the course , Add groups at the end of the text .

stay UI Automated testing process , Facing complex business scenarios , We often encounter such challenges ：

• Simple recording / Fast playback speed , But can't adapt to complex scenes ;
• Writing automated test scripts is more flexible , But the workload is heavy and the maintainability is poor ;
• Previous packaging technologies （PageObject） Can adapt to all kinds of UI scene , But the structure is loose , Cannot migrate in multiple projects ;

therefore , A testing team often needs to customize a testing framework , To make up for the shortcomings of the existing framework .

Test framework encapsulation idea

because UI The automated testing framework revolves around UI Interface to use , therefore , Still choose PageObject Design patterns for UI And test for packaging , Simultaneous coordination Pytest Unit test scripts can be effectively organized 、 Coherent application , So as to improve the maintainability and readability of the framework .

Because the test framework is based on PageObject Design patterns , The main direction is PO improvement , Data driven , Exception handling , such as ：

• Data driven test data ： Store data externally yaml In file , utilize yaml Tool for data reading ;
• Data driven of data steps ： Put the operation steps outside yaml In file , utilize yaml The tool reads the operation steps , Analyze and implement the operation steps with special functions ;
• Automatic exception handling mechanism ： Encapsulate and improve the element search module , Including how to deal with pop ups ;

Page_Object reform

As a universal UI The test framework , PageObjet Not just for Web automated testing , It also applies to Appium Mobile automation test , Its advantages are as follows ：

• Reduce code duplication
• Improve the readability of test cases
• Improve maintainability of test cases

PO Examples of transformation （ Based on snowball App）

This case will be about snowball App Conduct Page Objetct Packaging and improvement .

When starting the snowball App when , Will enter the home page . Click the search box to enter the search page , Search for a stock and determine whether the share price is greater than 200：

PageObjetct The module relationship is as follows , All modules should inherit BasePage , App Implement start , restart , Stop and wait operation , Main Enter the search page , Enter the stock page and other operations ：

base_page Modules are all page The parent of a class , It defines the public method , For example, encapsulate the following find After the method , You can let subclasses call find ：

from appium.webdriver.webdriver import WebDriverclass BasePage:    _driver: WebDriver    def __init__(self, driver: WebDriver = None):        self._driver = driver    def find(self, locator, value: str = None):        # If it comes in tuple, Just use one parameter ：locator        if isinstance(locator, tuple):            return self._driver.find_element(*locator)        else:            return self._driver.find_element(locator, value)

App Module encapsulation app Start of , restart , Stop, etc , When app When starting, it will enter main page , So in the following main Methods return Main ,Main The definition of class will be explained later :

from appium import webdriverfrom test_appium.page.base_page import BasePagefrom test_appium.page.main import Mainclass App(BasePage):    # Appoint app The package name and activity name     _package = "com.xueqiu.android"    _activity = ".view.WelcomeActivityAlias"    def start(self):        # If driver If it is empty, initialize         if self._driver is None:            caps = {}            caps["platformName"] = "android"            caps["deviceName"] = "hogwarts"            caps["appPackage"] = self._package            caps["appActivity"] = self._activity            caps["noReset"] = True            # initialization driver            self._driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)            self._driver.implicitly_wait(30)        # If driver Not empty , Then start directly activity        else:            print(self._driver)            self._driver.start_activity(self._package, self._activity)        return self    def restart(self):        pass    def stop(self):        pass    def main(self) -> Main:        # When app Startup time , Jump to （ Instantiation ）Main        return Main(self._driver)

Main The module is the first page PageObject , The method encapsulates the important functions of the home page , For example, in the following code goto_search_page Encapsulated click search and jump to Search page ：

from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileByfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom test_appium.page.base_page import BasePagefrom test_appium.page.profile import Profilefrom test_appium.page.search import Searchclass Main(BasePage):    # After clicking the search button , Go to the search page     def goto_search_page(self):        self.find(MobileBy.ID, "tv_search").click()        # Go to the search page         return Search(self._driver)    def goto_stocks(self):        pass    def goto_trade(self):        pass    def goto_messages(self):        pass

Search The module can search for a stock , You can also get the price of the stock , For example, below ：

The encapsulation code is as follows ：

from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileByfrom selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriverclass Search:    _driver: WebDriver    def __init__(self, driver):        self._driver = driver    # Enter what you want to search     def search(self, key: str):        self._driver.find_element(MobileBy.ID, "search_input_text").send_keys(key)        self._driver.find_element(MobileBy.ID, "name").click()        return self    # Get the stock price , Used to judge     def get_price(self, key: str) -> float:        return float(self._driver.find_element(MobileBy.ID, "current_price").text)

Finally, test the above code , New test module test_search ：

import pytestfrom test_appium.page.app import Appclass TestSearch:    def setup(self):        self.main = App().start().main()    def test_search(self):        assert self.main.goto_search_page().search("alibaba").get_price("BABA") > 200

above , For your reference , Welcome to leave a message to discuss .

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