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存储体系概述
2022-06-12 19:14:00 【独行的喵】
存储体系概述
一.存储系统的层次结构

- 存储系统:将两种或两种以上的存储器,用硬件,软件或硬件和软件连接在一起,并对它们进行管理。
- 存储系统的层级结构中,越靠近上层的存储器速度越快,容量越小,单位存储容量的价格也越高。
- 在存储系统中,通过对存储器间的协作管理,使系统对外总体显示最优的特性,即:(1)使计算机的存取速度接近CPU的速度(系统中最快存储器的速度) (2)使程序员使用的主存容量接近外存的容量。(3)使整个存储体系的单位容量存储价格接近外存的价格
二.存储器的分类
1.按存储信息的介质分类
- 半导体存储器
- 磁盘存储器
- 光盘存储器
2.按在计算机中的用途分类
- 主存储器
- Cache
- 控制存储器
- 外部存储器
3.按存放信息的易失性分类
- 半导体随机存储器RAM(Random Access Memory):断电之后存储的信息会随之丢失
- 半导体只读存储器ROM(Read-Only Memory):断电之后存储的信息不会随之丢失
4.按存取方式分类
- RAM:存取时间与存储单元的物理地址无关
- 顺序读写存储器:只能按存储单元物理地址顺序存取
5.按存储器的读写功能分类
- 读写存储区
- 只读存储器(ROM)
三.存储器性能指标
1.存储容量
2.存储器速度
3.可靠性
4.功耗
5.价格
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