(no plug-in) summary of vim basic shortcut keys

First two pictures , Then give the text description . The first one , Composite diagram .
Cursor movement illustration ：
​​

The shortcut key defaults to Normal Pattern , Press <ESC> After the state of the .<c-*> representative Ctrl+*

1. see

1.1 Foundation movement

Key	effect
h/j/k/l	Left , Next , On , Right
w/e/b	The beginning of the next word / The end of the next word / The beginning of the last word
W/E/B	( Separated by spaces ) The beginning of the next word / The end of the next word / The beginning of the last word
</>	visual Pattern Select to indent

1.2 Flip screen 、 Jump

Key	effect
%	In pairs {}/[]/() Jump between
H/M/L	Jump to the top of the current screen 、 In the middle 、 Bottom
#L	Jump to the... Of the current screen # That's ok
zt/zz/zb	The current edit line is set to Screen top / In screen / Bottom of screen
gg/G	Jump to the file's start / Bottom
(/)	Jump to the beginning of the current line 、 At the end of the line
{ /}	Up 、 Jump down to the nearest empty line
[{ /}]	Jump to the current block start 、 ending
0/$/^	Jump to Head of line / The first non blank character of the line / At the end of the line ,#$ You can skip to the... After this line # The end of line No
:#/#G	Jump to the first # That's ok
<c-b> / <c-f>	towards front / after One page , The first key combination is Ctrl+b
<c-u> /<c-d>	towards front / after Half page
<c-e>/	towards Next / On Get out of here

1.3 choice

Key	effect
V	Choose a line
<c-v>	Rectangle selection
v3w	Select three characters from the cursor , among v For from Normal Mode entry Visual Pattern

2. edit

2.1 newly added

Key	effect
i/I	In front of the cursor / At the beginning of the current line Insert
a/A	After the cursor / At the end of the current line Insert
o/O	After the current line / Before you go Insert
:r filename	Insert... In the current position filename Content
:r! command	Insert... In the current position stay shell perform command Result , Such as :r! date Insert time at current position

2.2 modify c(change)

Key	effect
r/R	Modify the characters under the cursor / Modify the character where the cursor goes （ Equivalent to pressing Insert key ）
cw/c#w/C	Change the word at the cursor to the end / modify # Characters / Modify to the end of the line
ci'/ di'/yi'/vi'	modify / Delete / Copy / Choose ` Match text content in punctuation marks
s/#S	Delete the character at the current cursor / Delete # That's ok , Then enter Insert Pattern

2.3 Delete d(delete)

Key	effect
#x/#X	Cut cursor On the right / On the left n Characters , amount to d[n]l/d#h
D/d$/d^	Delete to At the end of the line / At the end of the line / Head of line
dw/daw/d#w	Delete The word ends at the cursor / The word ends at the cursor ( Including spaces after words )/ Delete # Word
#dd	Delete the line starting from the cursor # That's ok
diB/daB	Delete {} The content in / Delete {} And its contents
:m,n d	take m-n Cut the contents between lines to the pasteboard
dgg/dG	Cut the cursor to On / Next All right

2.4 lookup f(ind)

Key	effect
f‘n’/F'n'	Jump behind the cursor first / the previous character ’n’ （ coordination ;/,, positive / Reverse repeat lookup ）
t‘n’/T'n'	Jump behind the cursor first / the previous character ’n’ Before （ coordination ;/,, positive / Reverse repeat lookup ）
//?	towards after / front Search for keywords , Then you can match n/N towards after / front Find the next keyword
*/#	Take the word where the cursor is located as the keyword , towards after / front Search for the next keyword

2.5 Copy y(yank)

Key	effect
yw/#yw	Copy to the current ending / The copy cursor starts # Word
Y/yy/#yy	Copy the current row / Copy the current row / Copy from the current line # That's ok
p	Paste
:m,ny	Copy the current file m-n The content of the line
ygg/yG	Copy the cursor to On / Next All right
yaw/yas	Copy a word and a sentence , It doesn't matter if the cursor is not at the beginning of the word or sentence , among a representative around

2.6 Replace r(place)

grammar { Range }s/{ Matching mode }/{ Target string }/{ Options }

• Range ： Refers to the effective scope
  • %： Represents the entire document
  • n1,n2： Representative only in n1 To n2 Effective between lines
  • .： Current row ,{ Range } Use this case when null
  • 0： The first line （ It could be that ）.
  • $： The last line
• s： finger substitue, Replace
• Matching mode ： for character string or Regular expressions
• Target string ： String to replace with
• Options ：
  • Common items g/c/n, Represent the overall situation / The replacement should be determined /( Do not replace ) Only the number of matches is counted
  • It's empty , Only the first matching item is replaced

2.7 toggle case u(ppercase)

Key	effect
~	toggle case
u/U	Visual In mode , Change the selected character to A lowercase letter / Capitalization
g[u|U]{ Range }	take Range The characters in are changed to A lowercase letter / Capitalization , See table below

g[u|U]{ Range } Example ：

• gUU/guu： Change the letter of the current line to Capitalization / A lowercase letter
• gUw/guw： Change the word under the current cursor to Capitalization / A lowercase letter
• gU$/gu$： Change the words at the end of the line to Capitalization / A lowercase letter

2.8 Undo and redo （normal Pattern ）

Key	effect
[#]u	Cancel # A change
:undo 5	revoke 5 A change
:undolist	Your revocation history
<c-r>	Redo the last changes
U	Cancel all changes in the current line
:earlier 4m	go back to 4 Minutes ago
:later 55s	Forward 55 second

3. Programming AIDS

3.1 Basic keys

Key	effect
gd/gD	Jump to Local / overall situation Where the variable is defined , When searching for global variables, start searching from the beginning of the current file
K	Display the help document of the function where the current cursor is located in a new window
g;/g,	the previous / next Where it has been modified
[[/[]	Jump to the previous function block Start / end , Need a separate line of {
]]/][	Jump to the next function block Start / end , Need a separate line of {
[{ /]}	Jump to the current block Start / end
[//]/	Jump to the current comment block Start / end
%	Not only can you move to the matching (),{} or [] On , And can be in #if,#else, #endif Jump between

3.2 ctags

ctags -R: Generate tag file ,-R Indicates that it is also generated for files in subdirectories tags

Key	effect
:set tags=path/tags	tell ctags Which one to use tag file
:tag xyz	Jump to the xyz Where is the definition of , Or place the cursor on xyz Press up C-], For return C-t
:stag xyz	Display... In a split window xyz The definition of , perhaps C-w ], If you use C-w n ], It'll open a n Row high window
:ptag xyz	Open... In the preview window xyz The definition of , Hotkeys are C-w }
:pclose	Close preview window . Hotkeys are C-w z
:pedit abc.h	Edit... In the preview window abc.h
:psearch abc	Search the current file and the current file include The file of , Display contains abc The line of

Sometimes one tag There may be multiple matches , Such as function overload , A function name will have multiple matches . In this case, you will jump to the first match .

Key	effect
:[#]tnext	Next [#] A match .
:[#]tprev	Last one [#] A match .
:tfirst	The first match
:tlast	The last match
:tselect tagname	Open the selection list

tab Key completion

Key	effect
:tag xyz<tab>	Complete with xyz At the beginning tag name , Continue to press tab key , Other... Will be displayed
:tag /xyz<tab>	Can use a name that contains xyz Of tag Name complement

3.3 cscope

cscope -Rbq: Generate cscope.out file

Key	effect
:cs add {/path/to/cscope.out} {/your/work/dir}
:cs find c {func}	Lookup function func Where is called
:cw	open quickfix Window view results

3.4 gtags

Gtags A combination of ctags and cscope The function of . Use Gtags Before , You need to install GNU Gtags. Then run... In the project directory gtags .

Key	effect
:Gtags {funcname}	Locate the funcname Where is the definition of .
:Gtags -r {funcname}	Inquire about funcname Where it's quoted .
:Gtags -s {symbol}	location symbol Where it appears .
:Gtags -g {string}	Goto string Where it appears . :Gtags -gi string Ignore case .
:Gtags -f {filename}	Show filename List of functions in . You can use it. :Gtags -f % Show current file .
:Gtags -P {pattern}	Show files with a specific schema in the path . Such as :Gtags -P .h$ Show all header files , :Gtags -P /vm/ Show vm A file in a directory .

3.5 compile

vim Provides :make To compile the program , The default call is make, If you have... In your current directory makefile, simply :make that will do .

If you don't make Program , You can configure makeprg Options to change make Called program . If you have only one abc.java file , You can set ：

set makeprg=javac\ abc.java

then :make that will do . If the program is wrong , Can pass quickfix Window view error . But if you want to locate the error correctly , It needs to be set up errorformat, Give Way vim Identify error messages . Such as ：

:setl efm=%A%f:%l:\ %m,%-Z%p^,%-C%.%#

• %f For file name
• %l Indicates line number
• %m Indicates an error message
  Others don't understand , Please refer to :help errorformat

3.6 Quick modify window

It's actually quickfix The functions provided by plug-ins , It is very useful for compiling debugging programs

Key	effect
:copen	Open the quick modify window
:cclose	Close the quick modify window

Quick modify window in make It is very useful when using the program , When make after ：

Key	effect
:cl	List errors in the quick fix window
:cn	Go to the next error
:cp	Navigate to the previous error
:cr	Locate the first error

3.7 Automatic completion

Key	effect
<c-x> <c-s>	Spelling suggestions
<c-x> <c-v>	completion vim Options and orders
<c-x> <c-l>	Complete the whole line
<c-x> <c-f>	Auto complete file path . After the pop-up menu , Press C-f Cycle selection , Of course, you can also press <c-p> and <c-n>
<c-x> <c-p>/<c-x> <c-n>	Complete the current word with the words that appear in the document . Directly by <c-p> and <c-n> It's fine too
<c-x> <c-o>	When programming, you can complete keywords and function names , Need to install vim plug-in unit
<c-x> <c-i>	Complete according to the keywords in the header file
<c-x> <c-d>	Complete the macro definition

When the completion menu pops up ：

Key	effect
<c-p> /``	forward / backward Switch members
C-e	Exit the drop-down menu , And return to the original text
C-y	Exit the drop-down menu , And accept the current option

3.8 Multiline indent out

Normal In mode , Press two >, The line where the cursor is located will be indented .
If you press math first n, Press twice more >, Below the cursor n Guild indent .
Corresponding , Press two <, The line where the cursor is located will shrink out .

stay Visual In mode , Select the code block to adjust , Press =, The code will be indented according to the writing rules .
perhaps n =, adjustment n Line code format .

3.9 Fold

Key	effect
zf/a/p	Command to create a fold , You can use this command on a visual area
zd/zD	Deletes the collapse of the current row
zfap	Collapse the segment where the cursor is located
zo	Open collapsed text
zc	Stow and fold
za	open / Close the current fold
zr	Open nested line breaks
zm	Collapse nested line breaks
zR/zO	Open all line breaks
zM /zC	Put away all folding lines
zj/zk	Jump to the Next / On A fold
zi	Turn on / close Folding function

4. vim General advanced editing functions

4.1 Text block

Summary text block usage
a representative around,i representative in

Key	effect
aw/iw	A word （ contain / Not included Left and right symbols ）
as/is	A word of , Space off （ contain / Not included Left and right space ）
ap	a section , Separate with blank lines
ab	A piece of （ Enclosed in parentheses ）

y/d/c/v Can be combined with text objects

for example ：
ci’, di’, yi’： modify 、 Cut or copy ’ Content between .
ca’, da’, ya’： modify 、 Cut or copy ’ Content between , contain ’.
ci", di", yi"： modify 、 Cut or copy " Content between .
ca", da", ya"： modify 、 Cut or copy " Content between , contain ".
ci(, di(, yi(： modify 、 Cut or copy () Content between .
ca(, da(, ya(： modify 、 Cut or copy () Content between , contain ().
ci[, di[, yi[： modify 、 Cut or copy [] Content between .
ca[, da[, ya[： modify 、 Cut or copy [] Content between , contain [].
ci{, di{, yi{： modify 、 Cut or copy {} Content between .
ca{, da{, ya{： modify 、 Cut or copy {} Content between , contain {}.
ci<, di<, yi<： modify 、 Cut or copy <> Content between .
ca<, da<, ya<： modify 、 Cut or copy <> Content between , contain <>.

4.2 Bookmarks (bookmark)、 Mark

Key	effect
m{a-z}	Mark the position of the cursor , Local markers , Only for the current file , There can be 26 Mark positions
m{A-Z}	Mark the position of the cursor , Global marker . After marking , sign out Vim, Restart , The tag is still valid
`{a-z}	Move to the mark position
'{a-z}	Move to the beginning of the tag line
``	Jump back and forth between the current editing position and the last editing position
<c-i>/<c-o>	Jump to the Historical location / Update location , Infinite backtracking
:marks	Show all tags
:delmarks a c-f/:delmarks!	Delete tag a、c、d、e、f / Delete all tags

4.3 register register

Deposit operation with " start , stay Normal In mode , With "{ Register name }{ operation } The format uses registers .
Registers can be used to hold code fragments .

Register description	effect
a-z	Can be used as register names ."ayy Put the contents of the current line into a register
A-Z	Index registers with uppercase letters , You can append content to the register . Such as "Ayy Append the contents of the current line to a In the register
:reg	Display the contents of all registers
""	Without register index , Register used by default
"*	The current selection buffer ,"*yy Put the contents of the current line into the current selection buffer
"+	System clipboard ."+yy Put the contents of the current line into the system clipboard

4.4 macro macro

Key	effect
.	Normal In mode , Repeat the previous edit action
q{a-z}	Start recording macros , The number is a letter a-z One of
q	Stop recording
@{a-z	The playback number is {a-z} macro

5. Multi file operation

5.1 Multi file basic operation

vi a.txt b.txt c.txt

Multi file operation is mostly used in command mode

command	effect
:#n[ext]	Editor # File
:previous/:N	Edit last file
:wnext	Save the current file , And edit the next file
:wprevious	Save the current file , And edit the previous file
:args	Show file list
:n filenames/:args filenames	Specify a new file list
vi -o filenames	Edit multiple files in multiple windows divided horizontally （vim External shell Command line ）
vi -O filenames	Edit multiple files in multiple windows divided vertically （vim External shell Command line ）
:wq filename	Save your edits to a file filename, And exit
:e/:e!/:e filename	Reload the current file / Reload the current file and discard the changes / Open file filename
:f filename/:saveas filename	Save as filename
e#/<c-^>	Go back to the last edited file
:f/<c-g>	Display the current file name in the status bar

5.2 Multi label operation ( Rarely used )

command	effect
vim -p files	Open multiple files , Each file occupies a tab
:tabe/tabnew	If you add a file name , Just open this file in a new tab , Otherwise, open an empty buffer
:tabn/Control + PageDown	Switch to the next tab
:tabp/Control + PageUp	Switch to the previous tab
[#]gt	Switch to the next tab . If you add #, Just switch to the # A label . The serial number starts with 1
:tab split	Open the contents of the current buffer in a new tab
:tabc[lose]	Close the current tab
:tabo[nly]	Close other tabs
:tabs	List all tabs and the windows they contain
:tabm[ove] [N]	Move tabs , Move to N After two tabs . Such as tabm 0 The current tab , It will become the first tab

5.3 buffer

A buffer holds an open file

command	effect
:buffers/:ls/:files	Displays a list of buffers
ctrl+^	Switch between the last two buffers
:bn	Next buffer
:bp	Previous buffer
:bl	The last buffer
:b[n]/:[n]b	Switch to n Buffers
:nbw[ipeout]	Delete article... Completely n Buffers
:nbd[elete]	Delete the first n Buffers , Did not really delete , still unlisted In the list
:ba[ll]	Open all buffers in the current page , Each buffer occupies one window

6. Window operation

command	effect
vim -o file1 file2	Split the window horizontally , Open at the same time file1 and file2
vim -O file1 file2	Split the window vertically , Open at the same time file1 and file2

6.1 Horizontal segmentation

command	effect
:sp[lit]/<c-w> s/ <c-w> <c-s>	Divide the current window horizontally into two windows . Be careful ,<c-s> The terminal may freeze , Please press <c-q> continue
:sp[lit] filename	Split the window horizontally , And display another file in a new window
:[#]sp[lit]	Split one horizontally # Row high window
:[#]new/<c-w> n/<c-w> <c-n>	Split one horizontally # Row high window , And edit a new file .
ctrl+w f	Split a window horizontally , And open the file named the word where the cursor is located in a new window

6.2 Vertical segmentation

command	effect
:vs[plit]/ v	/<c-w> <c-v> Divide the current window into two horizontally distributed windows
:[#]vne[w]	A vertical partition with a height of # The new window of
:vertical	Horizontal split command ： Corresponding vertical segmentation

6.3 Close subwindow

command	effect
:wq/ZZ/:x	Save your edits , And exit ,w(write) Write ,q(uit) sign out ,
q!	! Force operation （ Such as q! Exit without saving ）
:qall	Close all windows , sign out vim
:wall	Save all modified windows , namely write all
:only/<c-w> o	Keep only the current window , Close other windows .(CTRL-W o)
<c-w>q/:q/:close/<c-w> c	Close the current window , Do not save

6.4 Resize window

command	effect
<c-w> +/<c-w> -	current window Increase / Reduce a line . It can also be used. n Increase n That's ok
<c-w> _/ctrl+w |	The current window expands as large as possible / The current window expands as wide as possible , Be similar _/| Represent the That's ok / Column
<c-w> #/:resize n/n <c-w> _	Set the window to # Row height
<c-w> =	All windows have the same height
[#]<c-w> </[#]<c-w> >	current window Reduce / increase # Column

6.5 Switch and move windows

command	effect
<c-w> w/<c-w> <c-w>	Switch to the next window
<c-w> p	Switch to the previous window
<c-w> h/l/j/k	Switch to Left / Right / Next / On The window of
<c-w> t/b	Switch to At the top / At the bottom Face window
<c-w> H/L/K/J	Move the current window to Leftmost left / Right / On / Next
<c-w> r	Rotate the position of the window
<c-w> T	Move the current window to a new tab

6.6 Adjust the font

command	effect
<c-->/<c-=>	Font tone Small / Big

7. Command line

normal Press in mode : Enter command line mode

7.1 Shortcut keys in command line mode

command	effect
Up and down direction key	Previous or next command . If you have entered some commands , Then find a Or the next matching command
Left right key	Left / One character to the right
<c-w>/<c-h>	Delete a forward word / character , The latter is equivalent to Backspace
<c-u>	Move from the current position to the beginning of the command line
<c-b>/<c-e>	Move to the command line start / ending
Shift-Left>/Shift-Right>	Left / Right Move a word
@:	Repeat the last colon command
q:	Normal mode ,q Then press ’:’, Open the command line history buffer , You can edit commands just as you edit files
q//q?	You can open the search history

7.2 Execute external command

command	effect
:!{command}	Execute external command command
:!!	Execute the last external command
:sh {bash-file}	from shell call {bash-file}, use exit return vim
:r !cmd	Insert the returned result of the command into the current location of the file , Such as r! echo % Returns the current file name
:m,nw !cmd	The m Row to n The contents between lines are used as command input to execute the command

8. Other

8.1 working directory

command	effect
:pwd	Show vim Working directory of
:cd path `	change vim Working directory of
:set autochdir `	It can make vim Automatically switch the working directory according to the edited file

8.2 Some shortcuts

command	effect
K	Open the word where the cursor is located manpage
g <c-g>	Count the number of words in the full text or part of the statistics

8.3 Online Help

command	effect
:h(elp) or <F1>	Open general help
:help user-manual	Open the user manual

The format of the command help is ： The first line indicates how to use that command ; Then there is an indented paragraph explaining the function of this command , Then there is further information .

command	effect
:helptags somepath	by somepath Generate index for documents in
:helpgrep	You can search the entire help document , The list of matches is displayed in quickfix Window
Ctrl+]	Jump to tag The theme ,Ctrl+t Jump back
:ver	Display version information

8.4 Some small functions

Simple calculator : In insert mode , Input C-r =, Then enter the expression , You can be in Get the calculation result at the cursor .

9. Typesetting

Less use of typesetting , So put it in the back position

9.1 Basic typesetting

Key	effect
<</>>	towards Left / Right Indent one shiftwidth
:ce(nter)/:le(ft)/:ri(ght)	This line of text In the middle / Keep to the left / Keep right
gq	Rearrange the selected text , That is to break long text
gq#j	Rearrange the current line and below # That's ok
gq#q	rearrangement # That's ok ,# If it is blank, only the current line
gq#ap	rearrangement # paragraph ,# If it is blank, only the current segment
gqQ	Rearrange the current paragraph to the end of the article
J/gJ	Splice the current line and the next line , The latter does not save spaces

9.2 Spelling check

Key	effect
:set spell/:set nospell	Turn on / close Spell check function
]s/[s	Move to next / the previous Misspelled words
z=	Displays a list of misspelled words , You can choose from
zg	Tell the spelling checker that the word is spelled correctly
zw	Contrary to the previous command , Tell the spelling checker that the word is misspelled

Reference resources

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