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图的基本概念以及相关定义
2022-06-24 19:02:00 【悟空不买菜了】
先来看几个单词:
1.

2.

3.
4.
再来说下面几个概念:
1.图:
顶点的有穷非空集合和顶点之间边的集合组成,通常表示为G=(V,E),G表示一个图,V表示顶点的集合,E表示边的集合
2.无向边与有向边:
无向边:比如从顶点v1到v2的边没有方向,则称这条边为无向边,用无序偶对(v1,v2)表示
有向边:从顶点v1到v2有有方向,则称这条边为有向边,也成为弧arc,用有序偶对(v1,v2)表示,其中v1表示弧尾,v2表示弧头,注意(v2,v1)与(v1,v2)是两个不同的方向,也就是是两条不同的有向边
3.有向图与无向图
无向图:图中任意两个顶点之间都是无向边

有向图 :任意两点之间的边都是有向边

4. 无向完全图与有向完全图
无向完全图:任意两个顶点之间都存在边,含有n个结点的无向完全图有n(n-1)/2条边

有向完全图:在有向图中,任意两个顶点之间都存在方向互为相反的两条弧。含有n个结点的有向完全图含有n(n-1)条边

5.一些其他的基础定义

下面说一下入度与出度:
对于A来说,如果把A当成头弧,入度就为2,从B->A,C->A
如果把A当成弧尾,出度就为1,A->D
弧的数量等于各顶点出度和,等于各顶点入度和

6.连通图
在无向图中,任何两个顶点都是互通的,也就是可以到达的,就是连通图

左边不是连通图,右边是
下面说一下连通图生成树
首先它是一个极小的连通图子图,它含有图中全部n个结点,但是只有足以构成树的n-1条边

图1有n个顶点,n条边,不是连通图生成树,图 2是,注意首先必须是连通图
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