Have you got the advanced usage of pytest?

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At present, we have heard a lot about unit testing frameworks , does pytest and unittest.unittest It's the old framework , Many people use it for Automation , Whether it's UI Or interface .pytest Is based on unittest Developed another more advanced and more useful unit testing framework , It is used frequently in both interview and work , The momentum is slightly better unittest.

pytest The official website of , It has the following characteristics ：

l Very easy to get started , Easy entry , The document is rich , There are many examples in the document

l Support simple unit testing and complex functional testing

l Support parameterization

l Some tests can be skipped during test execution （skip）, Or for something that fails in anticipation case Marked as failed

l Support for repeat execution (rerun) The failure of the case

l Support run by nose, unittest Written tests case

l Generative html The report

l Convenient and continuous integration tools jenkins Integrate

l It can support the execution of partial use cases

l There are many third-party plug-ins , And you can customize the extension

I believe you should have used more or less pytest frame , So today's article will share with you what you may not know pytest Advanced usage of . Let's talk about it conftest.py and fixture Device function .

conftest.py What is it? ？ It can be understood as a special storage fixture Configuration file for . You can manage some global fixture.

conftest.py To configure fixture matters needing attention

· pytest Will read by default conftest.py Everything in it fixture

· conftest.py File name is fixed , Can not change

· conftest.py Only for the same package All of the test cases under are valid

· Different directories can have their own conftest.py, There can be more than one in a project conftest.py

· There is no need to manually import conftest.py,pytest It will look up automatically

that fixture What is a function ？ Children, do you have many question marks ？

fixture Let's customize the preconditions of test cases

fixture The advantages of
· Flexible naming , Not limited to setup and teardown These names

· conftest.py Data sharing can be realized in the configuration , Unwanted import You can find it automatically fixture

· scope=“module” Can achieve more than one .py Cross file sharing front

· scope=“session” To achieve multiple .py Use a... Across files session To complete multiple use cases

fixture The syntax of the function is as follows

Parameter meaning ：

scope： Can be interpreted as fixture Scope of action , Default ：function, also class、module、package、session four 【 Commonly used 】

autouse： Default ：False, You need the use case to call this manually fixture; If it is True, This is automatically called by all test cases in the scope fixture

name： Default ： Name of decorator , The first mock exam fixture Calling each other suggests writing a different name

Calling method ：

Just reference fixture The test case of the function is passed in by @pytest.fixture The name of the function decorated by this decorator , Will call fixture Functions defined in the function , use yield Keyword to divide is setup still teardown,yield The previously implemented function is setup Initialization function ,yield The later functions are teardown Clearing function .

Next, write the test case of Douban login , The project structure is as follows

case— The test case , The code is as follows ：

base_driver— encapsulation app Of driver

conftest.py It defines the global fixture function

The command line executes the following command to execute case Implementation ：

In this way, the login function of Douban can be realized , After the function level test case is executed , wait for 3 Second ,driver Will automatically exit .