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DNS域名空间
2022-07-27 09:08:00 【华为云】
DNS命名系统,是一颗倒着长的树,也就是说根是长到天上去了。
域名空间的管理就是封建制,普天之下莫非王土,就是根。下面的顶级域就是地方王。每个组织负责命名管理分封给他的域以及其下的子域,管理其中主机名和IP的映射。这个管理和解释的任务是通过DNS服务器来实现的,常用的DNS服务器就是BIND,它原本是DARPA资助伯克利大学开设的一个研究生课题。
centos8上安装:yum install bind bind-utils

当A主机要访问B主机的时候,查询DNS服务器的路径是这样的。
这里的A主机和B主机都是域下管理的主机或者服务器。
如果是普通用户的电脑要访问某个主机,比如说家庭里上网的电脑,或者是公司里没有域管理上网的电脑(工作组模式)要访问某个主机,DNS域名解析的过程是这样的:
按照这个解析的过程,如果根服务器瘫痪,那么域名网络访问瘫痪就会发生。
DNS的类型有主、从、缓存等类型,配置文件有主配置文件、区域数据文件等。
bind主配置文件/etc/named.conf,默认内容如下:
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only). See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.// 这个说明了只能localhost DNS resolver,所以要改options { //listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots"; recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing"; //allow-query { localhost; }; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; dnssec-enable yes; //dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-validation no; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; pid-file "/run/named/named.pid"; session-keyfile "/run/named/session.key"; /* https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/CryptoPolicy */ include "/etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/bind.config";};logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; };};zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca";};//include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";include "/etc/named.mine.zones";include "/etc/named.root.key";/var/named/├── data├── dynamic├── slaves├── named.ca├── named.empty├── named.localhost└── named.loopback待续
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