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数学知识复习:第二型曲线积分
2022-06-30 10:03:00 【UQI-LIUWJ】
0 引出
设一质点在力F的作用下,沿曲线C运动,力F在曲线C的各点处的方向和大小可以是不同的,F(x,y)是一个向量函数,那么如何计算这个质点在变力F的作用下,沿曲线C由点A运动到点B所做的功呢?

弧上从A到B依次取点
,于是
被分割成n段小弧
.
我们先考虑力F沿着小弧
运动所做的功
。在小弧
上任取一点
,以
处的力F
作为 小弧
上各点的力。同时近似地认为 小弧
是直线段
。
我们以内积 F
·
作为力F沿着小弧
运动所做的功
的近似式。
所以和式
是所求功W的近似值。
如果F(x,y)=P(x,y)i+Q(x,y)j,
,那么
,其中
所以![\sum_{i=1}^n F(\xi_i,\eta_i) \cdot \overrightarrow{M_{i-1}M_i}=\sum_{i=1}^n [P(\xi_i,\eta_i)\Delta x_i+Q(\xi_i,\eta_i)\Delta y_i]](http://img.inotgo.com/imagesLocal/202206/30/202206301003492240_10.gif)
1 定义

2 性质
(1)F,G在
上连续,a,b是常数,则有![\int_{\widehat{AB}}[aF+bG]\cdot ds=a\int_{\widehat{AB}}F\cdot ds+b\int_{\widehat{AB}}G\cdot ds](http://img.inotgo.com/imagesLocal/202206/30/202206301003492240_22.gif)
(2)如果曲线
上一点C将积分路线
分成两段
,
,则
(3)
3 计算方法
也是转化成定积分
如果曲线C的参数方程是
,当参数t从α变到β时,点(x,y)从A变到B(此时不一定α比β小!);同时
在α和β之间连续,F在
上连续(即P,Q在
上连续)
则第二型曲线积分
可以转化为
如果
弧的方程为y=y(x),其中x从α变化到β,那么有:
如果
弧的方程为x=x(y),其中y从c变化到d,那么有:
![]()
4 第一型曲线积分和第二型曲线积分的关系


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。在小弧
,以
。
是所求功W的近似值。
,当参数t从α变到β时,点(x,y)从A变到B(此时不一定α比β小!);同时
在α和β之间连续,F在
可以转化为![\int_\alpha^\beta[P(\varphi(t),\phi(t))\varphi'(t)+Q(\varphi(t),\phi(t))\phi'(t)]dt](http://img.inotgo.com/imagesLocal/202206/30/202206301003492240_2.gif)
![\int_\alpha^\beta[P(x,y(x))+Q(x,y(x))y'(x)]dx](http://img.inotgo.com/imagesLocal/202206/30/202206301003492240_3.gif)