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PCB线路板布局和布线都有哪些设计要求?
2022-06-28 17:55:00 【PCBA程瑶儿】
随着PCB尺寸要求越来越小,器件密度要求越来越高,PCB设计的难度也越来越大,对于PCB布局和布线提出了更高的要求。那么,PCB线路板布局和布线都有哪些设计要求?

1、确定PCB层数
电路板尺寸和布线层数需要在设计初期确定。布线层的数量以及层叠方式会直接影响到线路板的布线和阻抗;在开始设计时最好采用较多的电路层并使敷铜均匀分布。
2、设计规则和限制
要对所有特殊要求的信号线进行分类,每个信号类都应该有优先级,优先级越高,规则也越严格。规则涉及印制线宽度、过孔的数量、平行度、信号线之间的相互影响以及层的限制,对布线工具的性能有很大影响。
3、组件的布局
如果装配部门允许组件移动,可以对电路适当优化,更便于自动布线。自动布线工具一次只会考虑一个信号,通过设置布线的约束条件以及设定可布信号线的层,可以使布线工具能像设计师所设想的那样完成布线。
4、扇出设计
在扇出设计阶段,表面贴装器件的每一个引脚至少应有一个过孔,以便在需要更多的连接时,电路板能够进行内层连接、在线测试和电路再处理。为了使自动布线工具效率高,一定要尽可能使用大的过孔尺寸和印制线,间隔设置为50mil较为理想。
5、手动布线以及关键信号的处理
首先对关键信号进行布线,手动布线或结合自动布线工具均可。布线完成后,再由有关的工程技术人员对这些信号布线进行检查,检查通过后,将这些线固定,然后开始对其余信号进行自动布线。
6、自动布线
在对信号进行自动布线时应该采用通用规则。通过设置限制条件和禁止布线区来限定给定信号所使用的层以及所用到的过孔数量,布线工具就能按照工程师的设计思想来自动布线。在设置好约束条件和应用所创建的规则后,自动布线将会达到与预期相近的结果。
7、布线的整理
一些约束条件很少的信号,布线的长度很长,这时可以先判断出哪些布线合理,哪些布线不合理,再通过手动编辑来缩短信布线长度和减少过孔数量。
以上便是就是PCB线路板布局和布线的十个设计要求,你学会了吗?
更多内容可看公众号:PCBA资讯分享
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