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DE2-115 FPGA开发板的VGA显示
2022-06-25 12:52:00 【dedsec0x】
目录
一、VGA简介
VGA（Video Graphics Array）视频图形阵列是IBM于1987年提出的一个使用模拟信号的电脑显示标准。VGA接口即电脑采用VGA标准输出数据的专用接口。VGA接口共有15针，分成3排，每排5个孔，显卡上应用最为广泛的接口类型，绝大多数显卡都带有此种接口。它传输红、绿、蓝模拟信号以及同步信号(水平和垂直信号)。
常见接口之色差VGA接口(D-Sub接口)
说到VGA接口，相信很多朋友都不会陌生，因为这种接口是电脑显示器上最主要的接口，从块头巨大的CRT显示器时代开始，VGA接口就被使用，并且一直沿用至今，另外VGA接口还被称为D-Sub接口。 [2]
很多人觉得只有HDMI接口才能进行高清信号的传输，但这是一个大家很容易进入的误区，因为通过VGA的连接同样可以显示1080P的图像，甚至分辨率可以达到更高，所以用它连接显示设备观看高清视频是没有问题的，而且虽然它是种模拟接口，但是由于VGA将视频信号分解为R、G、B三原色和HV行场信号进行传输，所以在传输中的损耗还是相当小的.
VGA接口产生原因： 显卡所处理的信息最终都要输出到显示器上，显卡的输出接口就是电脑与显示器之间的桥梁，它负责向显示器输出相应的图像信号。CRT显示器因为设计制造上的原因，只能接受模拟信号输入，这就需要显卡能输出模拟信号。VGA接口就是显卡上输出模拟信号的接口，VGA（Video Graphics Array）接口，也叫D-Sub接口。虽然液晶显示器可以直接接收数字信号，但很多低端产品为了与VGA接口显卡相匹配，因而采用VGA接口。
二、VGA实现代码
代码如下：
module VGA_test(
OSC_50, //原CLK2_50时钟信号
VGA_CLK, //VGA自时钟
VGA_HS, //行同步信号
VGA_VS, //场同步信号
VGA_BLANK, //复合空白信号控制信号 当BLANK为低电平时模拟视频输出消隐电平，此时从R9~R0,G9~G0,B9~B0输入的所有数据被忽略
VGA_SYNC, //符合同步控制信号 行时序和场时序都要产生同步脉冲
VGA_R, //VGA绿色
VGA_B, //VGA蓝色
VGA_G); //VGA绿色
input OSC_50; //外部时钟信号CLK2_50
output VGA_CLK,VGA_HS,VGA_VS,VGA_BLANK,VGA_SYNC;
output [7:0] VGA_R,VGA_B,VGA_G;
parameter H_FRONT = 16; //行同步前沿信号周期长
parameter H_SYNC = 96; //行同步信号周期长
parameter H_BACK = 48; //行同步后沿信号周期长
parameter H_ACT = 640; //行显示周期长
parameter H_BLANK = H_FRONT+H_SYNC+H_BACK; //行空白信号总周期长
parameter H_TOTAL = H_FRONT+H_SYNC+H_BACK+H_ACT; //行总周期长耗时
parameter V_FRONT = 11; //场同步前沿信号周期长
parameter V_SYNC = 2; //场同步信号周期长
parameter V_BACK = 31; //场同步后沿信号周期长
parameter V_ACT = 480; //场显示周期长
parameter V_BLANK = V_FRONT+V_SYNC+V_BACK; //场空白信号总周期长
parameter V_TOTAL = V_FRONT+V_SYNC+V_BACK+V_ACT; //场总周期长耗时
reg [10:0] H_Cont; //行周期计数器
reg [10:0] V_Cont; //场周期计数器
wire [7:0] VGA_R; //VGA红色控制线
wire [7:0] VGA_G; //VGA绿色控制线
wire [7:0] VGA_B; //VGA蓝色控制线
reg VGA_HS;
reg VGA_VS;
reg [10:0] X; //当前行第几个像素点
reg [10:0] Y; //当前场第几行
reg CLK_25;
[email protected](posedge OSC_50)
begin
CLK_25=~CLK_25; //时钟
end
assign VGA_SYNC = 1'b0; //同步信号低电平
assign VGA_BLANK = ~((H_Cont<H_BLANK)||(V_Cont<V_BLANK)); //当行计数器小于行空白总长或场计数器小于场空白总长时，空白信号低电平
assign VGA_CLK = ~CLK_to_DAC; //VGA时钟等于CLK_25取反
assign CLK_to_DAC = CLK_25;
[email protected](posedge CLK_to_DAC)
begin
if(H_Cont<H_TOTAL) //如果行计数器小于行总时长
H_Cont<=H_Cont+1'b1; //行计数器+1
else H_Cont<=0; //否则行计数器清零
if(H_Cont==H_FRONT-1) //如果行计数器等于行前沿空白时间-1
VGA_HS<=1'b0; //行同步信号置0
if(H_Cont==H_FRONT+H_SYNC-1) //如果行计数器等于行前沿+行同步-1
VGA_HS<=1'b1; //行同步信号置1
if(H_Cont>=H_BLANK) //如果行计数器大于等于行空白总时长
X<=H_Cont-H_BLANK; //X等于行计数器-行空白总时长 （X为当前行第几个像素点）
else X<=0; //否则X为0
end
[email protected](posedge VGA_HS)
begin
if(V_Cont<V_TOTAL) //如果场计数器小于行总时长
V_Cont<=V_Cont+1'b1; //场计数器+1
else V_Cont<=0; //否则场计数器清零
if(V_Cont==V_FRONT-1) //如果场计数器等于场前沿空白时间-1
VGA_VS<=1'b0; //场同步信号置0
if(V_Cont==V_FRONT+V_SYNC-1) //如果场计数器等于行前沿+场同步-1
VGA_VS<=1'b1; //场同步信号置1
if(V_Cont>=V_BLANK) //如果场计数器大于等于场空白总时长
Y<=V_Cont-V_BLANK; //Y等于场计数器-场空白总时长 （Y为当前场第几行）
else Y<=0; //否则Y为0
end
reg valid_yr;
[email protected](posedge CLK_to_DAC)
if(V_Cont == 10'd32) //场计数器=32时
valid_yr<=1'b1; //行输入激活
else if(V_Cont==10'd512) //场计数器=512时
valid_yr<=1'b0; //行输入冻结
wire valid_y=valid_yr; //连线
reg valid_r;
[email protected](posedge CLK_to_DAC)
if((H_Cont == 10'd32)&&valid_y) //行计数器=32时
valid_r<=1'b1; //像素输入激活
else if((H_Cont==10'd512)&&valid_y) //行计数器=512时
valid_r<=1'b0; //像素输入冻结
wire valid = valid_r; //连线
wire[10:0] x_dis; //像素显示控制信号
wire[10:0] y_dis; //行显示控制信号
assign x_dis=X; //连线X
assign y_dis=Y; //连线Y
parameter //点阵字模：每一行char_lineXX是显示的一行，共272列
char_line00=272'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line01=272'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line02=272'h0100001000020000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line03=272'h00C0001C00030000030000F00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line04=272'h006000180001800002001FC00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line05=272'h00700018000180000203E0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line06=272'h0030001800008010021000180000000003C00060008000600000000000000000000,
char_line07=272'h00200618000080387FF818180000000006200060018000600000000000000000000,
char_line08=272'h002186183FFFFFFC02020C30000000000C3000E01F8000E00000000000000000000,
char_line09=272'h3FFFC61800200C0002010C3000000000181800E0018000E00000000000000000000,
char_line0a=272'h0006061800200C00020184200000000018180160018001600000000000000000000,
char_line0b=272'h0007061800200C00022184400000000018080160018001600000000000000000000,
char_line0c=272'h0006061800100C003FF0808000000000300C0260018002600000000000000000000,
char_line0d=272'h080C0618001018000200000000000000300C0460018004600000000000000000000,
char_line0e=272'h040C0618001018000200180000000000300C0460018004600000000000000000000,
char_line0f=272'h020C06180018180002027FFC00000000300C0860018008600000000000000000000,
char_line10=272'h01980618000830000209801800000000300C0860018008600000000000000000000,
char_line11=272'h00D80618000C30007FFD001800000000300C1060018010600000000000000000000,
char_line12=272'h00700618000460000219001800000000300C3060018030600000000000000000000,
char_line13=272'h00380618000660000219001800000000300C2060018020600000000000000000000,
char_line14=272'h007C06180002C0000219101800000000300C4060018040600000000000000000000,
char_line15=272'h00CE06180003C0000211F9F800000000300C7FFC01807FFC0000000000000000000,
char_line16=272'h00C7061800018000021100180000000018080060018000600000000000000000000,
char_line17=272'h018386180003C00002B100180000000018180060018000600000000000000000000,
char_line18=272'h030380180006E000027100180000000018180060018000600000000000000000000,
char_line19=272'h06018018000C780002210018000000000C300060018000600000000000000000000,
char_line1a=272'h0C00001800381E0002010018000000000620006003C000600000000000000000000,
char_line1b=272'h1000001800600FC00201FFF80000000003C003FC1FF803FC0000000000000000000,
char_line1c=272'h200001F8018003FC020100180000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line1d=272'h400000700E0000F0020100180000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line1e=272'h0000002030000000020200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
char_line1f=272'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
reg[8:0] char_bit;
[email protected](posedge CLK_to_DAC)
if(X==10'd144)char_bit<=9'd272; //当显示到144像素时准备开始输出图像数据
else if(X>10'd144&&X<10'd416) //左边距屏幕144像素到416像素时 416=144+272（图像宽度）
char_bit<=char_bit-1'b1; //倒着输出图像信息
reg[29:0] vga_rgb; //定义颜色缓存
[email protected](posedge CLK_to_DAC)
if(X>10'd144&&X<10'd416) //X控制图像的横向显示边界：左边距屏幕左边144像素 右边界距屏幕左边界416像素
begin
//case(Y)
vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000; //Y控制图像的纵向显示边界：从距离屏幕顶部160像素开始显示第一行数据
/*
10'd160:
if(char_line00[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000; //如果该行有数据 则颜色为红色
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000; //否则为黑色
10'd162:
if(char_line01[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd163:
if(char_line02[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd164:
if(char_line03[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd165:
if(char_line04[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd166:
if(char_line05[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_z0000000000_0000000000;
10'd167:
if(char_line06[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd168:
if(char_line07[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd169:
if(char_line08[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd170:
if(char_line09[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd171:
if(char_line0a[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd172:
if(char_line0b[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd173:
if(char_line0c[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd174:
if(char_line0d[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd175:
if(char_line0e[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd176:
if(char_line0f[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd177:
if(char_line10[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd178:
if(char_line11[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd179:
if(char_line12[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd180:
if(char_line13[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd181:
if(char_line14[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd182:
if(char_line15[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd183:
if(char_line16[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd184:
if(char_line17[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd185:
if(char_line18[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd186:
if(char_line19[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd187:
if(char_line1a[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd188:
if(char_line1b[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd189:
if(char_line1c[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd190:
if(char_line1d[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd191:
if(char_line1e[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
10'd192:
if(char_line1f[char_bit])vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_1111111111_0000000000;
else vga_rgb<=30'b0000000000_0000000000_0000000000;
default:vga_rgb<=30'h0000000000; //默认颜色黑色
endcase
*/
end
else vga_rgb<=30'b1111111111_0000000000_1111111111; //否则黑色
assign VGA_R=vga_rgb[23:16];
assign VGA_G=vga_rgb[15:8];
assign VGA_B=vga_rgb[7:0];
endmodule
使用汉字点阵将汉字代码中的汉字替换，然后实现VGA显示
三、参考博客
(121条消息) 【FPGA实验】基于DE2-115平台的VGA显示_机智的橙子的博客-CSDN博客
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