Chapter VIII web project testing

8.1Web Basics

Web Global wide area network , Also known as the world wide web (World Wide Web) It is built on Internet A network service on , It's also Internet Is the most widely used network service . It is mainly accessed through the browser , Using hypertext transfer protocol HTTP Transfer hypertext and hypermedia information .

8.1.1 Web The development of

In the early stage, it was mainly static 、 One way reading is main . The intention is to provide information to end users （ Words and pictures ）, Such as Sina 、 NetEase 、 Sohu, etc. . stay 2005 year Google Use AJAX Technology makes Google After the map , Got a lot of attention .AJAX The birth of technology marks Web2.0 The coming of the era of .. At this time Web The front-end web page is not just a simple display of text and pictures , It also includes audio 、 video 、Flash etc. .

stay Web2.0 It is mainly based on users , Most of the information on the website comes from users' publishing , Users and network forms have become diversified 、 Individualization 、 Users not only make content viewers , And the creator of content . With Web Technology is developing , The Internet has also ushered in Web3.0 Era , It is Web2.0 Further development and extension of （ For example, for data 、 Cloud computing 、 Artificial intelligence, etc ）

8.1.2 Web Characteristics

1、 Circularity

You can display colorful graphics and text on a page at the same time , And very easy to navigate .Web You can use the graph 、 Audio 、 The characteristics of video information integration , Need to jump from one link to another , You can browse between sites .

2、 It's not about the platform

For the system platform （Windows、UNIX、Macintosh etc. ） No restrictions , Both can pass Internet visit .

3、 A distributed

A large number of graphics displayed on a page 、 Audio and video information can be placed on different sites , Just specify the site in the browser . It makes information physically not necessarily at a point in Web Integration on the page , Users see that this information is integrated .

4、 Dynamic

because Web The information of the site contains the information of the site itself , The information provider can often update the information on the station , To ensure the timeliness of information , therefore Web The information on the site is dynamically updated .

5、 The interaction of

Web Its interactivity is reflected in its hyperlinks , Users can submit requests to the server , It can also be done through FORM Form can obtain dynamic information from the server , The server can return the corresponding information according to the user's request .

8.1.3Web working principle

Web The system mainly consists of a browser （Browser) And the server (Server) constitute , Its working principle is that users use the uniform resource locator URL（Uniform Resource Locator） Send a request to the server through the browser , The server processes it after receiving it , And then to HTML（ Hypertext markup language ） Page form feedback to the browser , Pictured 8-1 Shown .

RUL The unified resource location is determined by 5 Component composition , The details are as follows ：

 1、 Protocol type

Web In common use HTTP Submit a request , Common protocol types （HTTP、HTTPS、FTP、SMTP、POP3） 

2、 Host name

The host name is IP Address domain name ,192.168.1.59 Indicates the name of the requesting server IP Address （DNS Analysis will IP Address and domain name are equivalent to each other ）

3、 Port number

8080 Indicates the open port number of the server , The commonly used ports range from 0~65535, Port management is managed by TCP The agreement is completed , instead of HTTP agreement . The port occupied by the operating system is from 0~1024

4、 route

/lingting/login Indicates the specific path and file name of the page file on the server .

5、 additional

name=yoyo&passwd=12345 Express URL Address parameters

8.1.4 Web Page loading process

The user enters the domain name from the browser , To Web Page loading complete . The whole process is as follows ：

1、 Enter the domain name in the browser

2、 Search for domain name IP Address

When the user enters the domain name and presses Enter Post key , You need to convert the domain name to the corresponding IP Address , This process is called DNS analysis .DNS The process of parsing is as follows ：

1） The browser first searches the browser's own cache DNS Record

2)  If the required record is not found in the browser cache , The browser will look in the system cache .

3） If no record is found in the system cache , Then send a request to the router cache to find .

4） If no record is found in the router cache , Through ISP cache DNS The server continues to find .

5） If the DNS server does not have a domain name record , Then start DNS Recursive search .

6） Finally, get the corresponding of the domain name IP After the address , Step up and return to the browser .

3、 Browser send HTTP request

Browser direction Web Server sends a HTTP request , Its essence is to establish TCP Connect , At this time, the request usually includes the browser to store the domain name Cookie. Cookie Will be stored in the client as text 、 Each request is sent to the server .

4、 Permanent redirection response for Web Services

When the user enters the domain name, there is no WWW, At this point, the server responds to the browser with a 301 Redirect response permanently , It means to take WWW And without WWW Your address belongs to the same website .

5、 The browser tracks the redirection response

6、 Server processing request

After the server receives the get request , Process and return a response , When a request is processed , First, read the request and the parameters of the request and the client Cookie, You can also update some data and store it on the server , Then a HTML Respond to .

7、 Server return HTML Respond to

The content sent back by the server informs the browser that the entire response body has been compressed in the form of editing （ Usually gzip Algorithm ） And will respond to... In the header ontent-type Set to “text/html",, The browser will decide how to interpret the response based on the header information , Other factors will also be considered .

8、 browser HTML Respond to

The final browser will display the content as HTML The form is presented to the user

9、 Browser access is embedded in HTML Objects in the

Browser starts parsing HTML Code , First find out hend label , If the label refers to an external CSS file , Browser send CSS File request , The server returns this CSS file ; The next step is to continue parsing HTML in body Part of the code , Start rendering the page , Some images will be referenced in the rendering, and the request image will also be sent to the server , Last HMTL Pages to add dynamic functions and interactive behavior , quote JavaScript To execute the basic code . Note that some files may not need to communicate with the server , Instead, it reads directly from the cache .

10、 Browser sends asynchronously AJAX request

AJAX Asynchronous request means that the browser gives the request to the proxy object -XMLHttprequest（ Most browsers have this object built in ） Send request to server by proxy object 、 receive 、 Parse the data of the server response , And update the data to the control specified by the browser , So as to realize the partial refresh of page data . Simple understanding 、 Asynchronous request means that the browser does not need to wait for the server to process the request , There is no need to reload the page to display the data of the server response .

8.2Web Testing Technology

At present, most business systems adopt Web structure , because Web Applied to users directly related , Therefore, it needs to go through a comprehensive test. The test direction is mainly aimed at the function 、 performance 、 Security 、 Compatibility and interface, etc .

Web R & D process of the project , Pictured 8-2 Shown

 8.2.1Web Performance testing

No matter what system , Users are concerned that the system can meet users' business needs through functional requirements ,Web The system functions can be considered from the following aspects .

1、 Link test

1） Check whether each link is linked to the specified amount page as required .

2） Check whether the linked page is real , Whether the content is correct .

3） Check whether there are separate pages in the system , That is, no connection points to .

4） Detect the hierarchy of connections , Generally not more than 3 layer .

2、 Form test

That is, the user is in Web The server on the system submits information , It can also be understood as the test of a single function point , Such as registration 、 Sign in 、 Information change, etc , Generally, we can pay attention to the following points ：

1） Check the length of the input box , Input exceeds the length limit , See if the system checks the length 、 Will it go wrong , Is there any corresponding error prompt . Usually, such errors may cause data overflow .

2） Check the type of input box , Do not enter as specified , See if the system checks whether its type will make an error , Is there any corresponding error prompt . Usually, such errors may cause data exceptions .

3） Check the input of special characters . Enter some special characters , Such as slash 、 Spaces, etc. . See if the system handles it correctly . Usually, such errors may cause program exceptions or write library errors .

4） Check the input Chinese characters . Enter Chinese in the system that allows you to enter Chinese , See if there is any garbled code or error report .

5） Check the function of the button , If registered 、 land 、 Submit 、 determine 、 Save, etc . Note that if you click the button several times UI What's wrong .

6） Check for duplicate submission forms . When the form is successfully submitted , Return to the submission page and submit again , See if the system has handled .

7） Check that the information in the drop-down list is correct , Is there any repetition . Whether multiple selections can be made and whether the drop-down box is linked , Whether the linkage information is correct .

8） Check the shortcut key function , such as Tab Enter key

9） Check required items , Whether there is prompt information for required items , For example, add... Before the required items “*”, If it is not filled in, whether the system has done prompt processing .