Can automate - 10k, can automate - 20K, do you understand automated testing?

Some time ago, the company wanted to recruit 2 Automated tests , Colleagues met dozens of candidates , I found a very strange phenomenon , During the interview , If you're asking about the framework api、 Script these questions , Basically everyone can answer fluently , When asked about the actual project , similar “ How can I 0 Start building automation system ”“ Let you promote automation , How would you design the plan ” This kind of problem , Many people begin to avoid the important and take the light 、 equivocation .

I discussed this with my colleagues , It is agreed that the main problem is , Now there are too many channels to learn Automation , A lot of basic knowledge of automation can be learned through open channels , Many novices in automation move these technical terms and terms they have learned into their resumes , I feel as if I have completely mastered Automation .

But in fact ,“ Will be automated ” ≠ “ Can do Automation ”

If there is no enterprise level project practice , You can't know , How to disassemble project requirements ？ How can I 0 To 1 Build an automation system ？ And how to avoid the pit in the process of automation implementation ？

He said it , I still lack experience in automation practice , At the same time, there is no automatic test process specification that can be referred to .
Did automated testing for several years , I suddenly thought about this problem , Summarize your previous learning experience , The pit of tread , Do some in-depth discussion .

Put aside questions , Only academic discussion

This time we put aside all our doubts , For example, what is the use of automated testing ？ Can automation really improve efficiency ？ How much salary can I get after learning automation , The above topics , I won't discuss... This time , These issues are also the ones that are often discussed .

For the above problems , Let me make a summary , Can raise wages , Technology that can make more money , It's worth learning ！ Since automation is developing so well now , Nature has its value .

Most of the manual tests just think about the following problems ：

1. Is automated testing easy to learn ？
2. Don't learn / Can you do automated testing without writing code ？
3. How to learn automated testing ？
4. Which direction do you want to study before you learn automated testing ？ learn ui automation ？ Or interface automation ？ As if App Automation is also popular ？ Or another applet Automation ？
5. I have no code base , Work is a little bit , Do you want to apply for a training class ？
6. What language do I need to learn ？java still python？
… wait

Let me address the above questions , Say something about yourself ：

First , automated testing , It's easy to learn ！ But remember , Be sure to clarify the direction of learning , Don't let the sword go sideways , In vain .

First of all , Of course, you can do automated testing without writing code , But personal advice is to learn a language , As for what language to learn , It's simple , Don't have to struggle , First, see if you have a programming foundation , No choice py, If so, choose java py All right

second , It depends on what language you use for development , Using the same language as development can learn automated testing at the same time , Lower the barriers to communication between you and developers , Enhance your voice in the company .

** Third , Learn which direction ？** I suggest ：web ui automation =》 Interface automation =》App automation / Applet Automation , Of course , Focus on interface automation ,ui Automation needs to learn , But there is not much need to delve into .

** Fourth , Do you want to sign up for the training course ？** It depends on you , If you think you have a strong ability to learn and understand , I am very self disciplined , At the same time, the direction of learning is very clear , Then of course you can not sign up for training , It's not good to save more money ？

If you don't understand automated testing or some programming language , There is no one around who can take you to learn , So signing up for training is definitely a way to improve quickly .

Lay the foundation before building , First, you need to learn a language
We also mentioned above , If automation is to do well , Must learn at least one language . Of course, as for the degree of language learning ？ I can't keep learning ？ The answer is , Will use it ！

Master most of the basic grammar , Has been able to meet your daily needs of Automation , Because writing scripts is not as difficult as developing ！

Language you need to learn ,for loop ,if Judge , data type , Operator , Object oriented programming and so on , Whether it's java still python, These are all needed , In fact, it's almost , Know a language , Everything else is similar to .

After getting started with the language , Officially embarked on the road of automation into God , Introduction Selenium
selenium As the ancestor of Automation , It's been played badly , Basically, as long as it is automated , No one knows, no one knows . Why study first selenium？

It can help you quickly understand , What exactly is automation , And can intuitively feed back to you on the page . We were , Look at selenium Of api, Bit by bit , Almost every method has been tried .

selenium Yes 1.0 2.0 3.0, I suggest you study before , Let's first understand its history ,u And how it works , This will arouse your interest in learning . You learn selenium, Need to install the browser , Strongly recommended Chrome instead of FireFox, The former is more compatible .

Install well Chrome, You need to install the driver , congratulations , Then you will step on the first pit of Automation ！ Most of the reason is that your driver version and browser version don't match . When you can visit Baidu , I'm impressed here su and kw（ What exactly is it? You'll know when you learn ）

You will try all kinds of selenium Methods , To operate the browser , At this time, it seems to open the door of the new world , Mr. ！ It turns out that automated testing is such a thing ！ It's magic ！

Tired of playing Selenium

When you play for a few days , Or a few weeks later , You seem to be right about Selenium I'm not interested anymore , Scripts are written more and more 6, Can write some linear automation scripts , This is the time , A little complacent , Automation is just that , Is this ？

What I want to say is , Don't be happy too early , You just stepped into the door of automated testing , Just a small step . here , You can start trying , Put some repetitive operations in the project , Write a script to run , Full of a sense of accomplishment, there are trees and ！ The effect of automation has initially taken shape , It seems that you are beginning to know how to improve efficiency with automation .

Start touching the automation framework unittest/testNG

When you learn the unit test framework unittest/testNG, When you learn selenium after , You will find that most linear scripts , It's hard to manage , And each script needs to go one by one run, And it's impossible to count the test results , This is the time , You need a unit test framework on the scene ！

You'll start learning , Usage of unit test framework , How to create a test class , How to write test methods , How to write your script into test cases , How to verify whether the test passes , How to control the execution sequence of use cases , How to write assertions , These are what you want to explore and learn .

Not satisfied with the function of unit test framework

When your script is very 6, Use cases will also be organized , Then every time the leader tells you , Run the test , Then send him the test results , It should be summarized in the form of test report .

This is when you , Open your editor many times ,run test, Then run through the test , Statistical test results one by one , Half dead , Sent to the leader .

The next day, the leader said , You run another test before work , Give me a report , I want to die . Then you start to visit Baidu , Go to the Forum , Want a solution , that “ frame ” It will come into view once .

Learning automation framework

here , You're already thinking about how to write an automation framework , Then it means that your automation has begun to get started , And to the intermediate direction , You start to study the structure of the framework , Found use case management , journal , Test report , mail , Basic encapsulation classes, etc , There is also a framework design pattern （ classic PO Pattern ）

You start sorting out your use cases , Encapsulating base classes , Write page classes , Encapsulate logs , Mail module, etc , After weeks of polishing , Your first automation framework was born ！

At this point, you can go to various technology groups to show off , Automatically write out an automation framework , Many Xiaobai also began to praise you , Call you a God .

Initial interface test

That's over UI Automated learning , So let's go to the interface . Most companies use http Interface , Then you start from http The agreement began to learn , Understand its structure , Request header , Request parameters , Request address , Request method, etc , Try to learn some packet capture tools

Such as fiddler,chales,wireshark Or browser developer tools, etc , Get some interfaces by capturing packets , Slowly observe its request structure , But it's still in the clouds , A little knowledge of interfaces . So I downloaded an interface testing tool , Try to enter parameters into the tool , Manually initiate the call .

When the tool returns 200 code when , Mr. , That's what happened . It's like communicating and receiving data with the server , Then the front-end page will display the data to the front desk ！

Try to learn Request/HttpClient The library initiates a request

After using up postman after , I'll think of , So how do I use code to initiate a request ？ At this time, we need to learn these two things .pip install & import requests after , Start your journey of interface automation .

You also try to put before ui Automatic addition, deletion, modification and query , Use interfaces to implement , You take the request parameters of packet capture , A method call , Then run with one key ！ One green and three red ！ Why? ？ Then I found that the interface returned 401, No authority ！ Mr. ！ I didn't log in , So how can I log in ？？

With a lot of doubts, I began to study , This is when you need to understand cookie and token How it works , With your code , To cache cookie, Reach login . When this problem is solved , But the interface still reported an error , Deleting the interface prompts me that I don't have this data ！

Check it out , It turns out that my data has been used up , So how can I ensure that every parameter I enter is new ？ At this time, you need to understand the interface Association , How to extract parameters from the response of the previous interface , For the next interface .

request/HttpClient combination unittest/testNG+allure

Same , When you learn request/HttpClient, It's natural to think of integrating them with a unit test framework , Then I found a tall allure Test report , Combined with some log modules, print parameters , Such a familiar interface framework comes out , It's about the same as before ！ small token of kindly feelings .

Try to use yaml/Excel Manage test cases

When you take your own frame , Write test cases repeatedly and boring , That's when you think about it , Why do I have to request.post, The method is the same , It's just that the data is different , Why should I keep writing code , Very tired ！ Why not use some files to read test data , Do parameterization ？

This is when you start studying reading and writing excel/yaml 了 , You want to manage all test cases in a file , You don't have to write code every time , But it's not that simple ！ So how do I handle the associated data in the file ？ How to cache cookie Well ？ How to make assertions ？ What if you do some dynamic input ？

The above questions are left to you to think about .

High quality goods ？git?jenkins?docker Containers ？ Distributed ？

Go to this step , You've written several frames , And it is optimized based on its own framework , Then you find a very serious problem at this time , My code can only run locally , If you want to use it for others , You also need to configure the environment on someone else's computer ,copy Give him the code .

So why not use some code management tools to manage my scripts ？ Then you need to learn git, Learn how to add commit push Push my code to the company's gitlab, So that others can use , So there is gitlab, I want to do some regular tasks , Let it execute automatically ？

learn jenkins. More , What if I want to run multiple use cases together ？ Study selenium grid,docker wait ..

Automated top test platform / Tool development

When you build the company's automation ecosystem , You're still not satisfied , Why don't I manage these things visually ？ Make a platform ？ Manage use cases , Management tasks , Manage test reports ？ I can also integrate some deployment tasks of the company ？

Good idea. ！ At this time, you are not only an excellent Automation Engineer , Has moved towards the path of test development ！ Begin to learn , Understand the test framework httprunner, Development framework django/flask/springboot, Understand the process of interface development , I understand mybatis,shiro,quartz wait , Start learning the front end

vue/react, Understand what component development is , Parent-child components pass values , Start to understand a lot , Even knowledge of operation and maintenance , Begin to understand k8s docker, Microservices .. So you're going in the direction of the great God , I hope you're not bald yet , At this time, you can proudly call yourself a qualified test developer , Or the whole stack developed youmuyou ！ It's all over .

PS: The above is my personal , It is also believed that it is a learning route for most students to learn and like automated testing , Of course, I didn't mention some App End / Automated testing on the applet side , In fact, they are roughly similar . I hope you will like this article ！ I wish you all less detours ！

Finally, thank everyone who reads my article carefully , The following online link is also a very comprehensive one that I spent a few days sorting out , I hope it can also help you in need ！

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