Big Five personality learning records

Links to previous related articles ：
personal MBTI Personality analysis and five personality traits
IPIP-NEO Narrative newspaper , Big Five personality analysis

Personality psychology , What you have to know

Hello everyone , I am the ghost brother , Starting Today , We officially entered the big five of the system .

Before the course starts , The first thing to be clear is , This course , It's actually a course in psychology , To be more precise , In fact, it is a course of personality psychology .

Speaking of personality psychology , Speaking of personality , You may feel a little strange . Actually , Each of us is an amateur personality psychologist . For example, when we describe others , We use the following sentence pattern ：

Men don't have any good things. My girlfriend has a bad temper. My leader is very picky. My brother is very reliable. You sleep until 10 Don't get up until , Sure enough, it belongs to pigs .

For example, when we describe ourselves , We said , I am an introvert , I am a pistachio , I'm Scorpio , I can easily emo.

The above description , It is because we unconsciously summarize the habitual behaviors of ourselves or others into certain characteristics , Or infer the behavior of others through certain characteristics , Or both . Like a husband cheating , According to this behavior, his wife concludes that men don't have a good thing , This sentence is actually inferring that all men will cheat sooner or later .

So each of us is a personality psychologist , The adjectives we use to describe others or our own characteristics , For example, she is optimistic , I am very humorous , And you are always silent , This kind of Adjective , We call them trait adjectives （trait-descriptive adjectives）, In the Merriam Webster Dictionary of English , There are more than 20000 words of this type , And Chinese , I think it's just a lot more .

Back to personality psychology itself , Since we are all amateur personality psychologists , You should understand this major , We first need to understand what personality is ？

WHAT

To borrow Wikipedia's explanation , personality （Personality）, It refers to the integration of human psychological characteristics 、 Unity , It is a relatively stable structural organization .

There is no need to memorize this concept , Because we use the word character more in our daily life . Simple understanding .

First of all , Personality is good , Good character , It mainly describes psychological characteristics , Not behavior . So a person who has just met you for five minutes will hold you talking , This is not personality , It's not character , It's just an external behavior , But we describe this person as being outgoing , The extroversion here is the description of this person's personality traits .

second , The personality is relatively stable . Same example , This stranger is not only familiar with you , Unless he doesn't like it or is in a bad mood , As long as it is normal , This person is probably familiar with strangers . For example, people who like to win or lose in sports , In the work, high probability will also like the competition .

This is the characteristic of relatively stable personality .

And personality psychology , It's systematic , A psychology that scientifically studies personality . And inside , Research methods , Different directions lead to different theories , Correspondingly, many sects have been born .

Let's use depression as an example , First define what depression is ？

Wikipedia's explanation is depression （Depression） It is a state of depression and aversion to activities . I have been depressed for half a year because I have experienced greater external stimulation , After the event, the intuitive experience is the desire to lose all biological instincts . Not hungry , Not sleepy at night , No spirit during the day , Don't want to socialize , Don't want to move , Not even sexual desire . So depressive personality traits , How to give explanations in different sects ？

First, the interpretation of the psychoanalytic school created by Freud , Depression is when people face social standards and values that they do not recognize , There will always be repression and suppressed emotions of different intensity , Then these emotions will unconsciously turn into anger at their own powerlessness , Be angry with yourself . therefore , People who are depressed have an unconscious sense of anger and hostility .

The focus of trait theory is to find out who is more likely to be depressed by studying the characteristics of depressed people . such as 1991 year block According to the study ,7 Certain behaviors of a - year-old child can be accurately predicted 18 The level of depression at age .

The school of biology has proved through experiments that , Some people are naturally sensitive to depression , Such people are more likely to show depression when facing pressure . And this innate sensitivity often comes from heredity .

The school of humanism shows that , Those who are often depressed are actually people who cannot build a good sense of self-worth , That is, the lack of self-esteem . therefore , The focus of humanistic therapy is to let individuals accept themselves , Including their own mistakes and weaknesses .

Behaviorism schools believe that , Depression is caused by the lack of positive reinforcement in life and work . The reason why you think the world is not worth , Because you didn't find something worth doing .

The cognitive school believes that , Whether people are depressed , Depends on how they explain their inability to control the environment . such as , To borrow ABC Emotional models , When you face the failure of starting a business A, People who are prone to depression will have a perception of their own lack of ability B, Eventually lead to depression C. And some people , Face the same A, Will produce the cognition that the general environment is not good B, The final mood will not be so depressed .

The above six sects , Explain the causes of depression from different angles , Which one do you think is right ？ The most likely correct answer is all right . Some people may find it easier to understand psychoanalytic interpretations , And some people may feel that cognitive schools can help them get rid of depression , No matter which sect you choose to accept , Personality psychology is the most practical psychology in my opinion , Not one of them. . Why do I say that ？

WHY

Here I use the trait theory that I most admire and am good at to explain the reason .

First of all , Personality traits can more accurately describe the differences between people . A person who has just met you and hooked up with you , And someone who has to go to the innermost cubicle to go to the public toilet , We can use the level of extraversion to explain the reason . Again , A clean room , There is even a cleanliness addict and a person who is always late for work , We can use the level of conscientiousness to explain the reasons . As long as we have a sufficient understanding of the two characteristics of externality and conscientiousness , Just a few words , Can be very accurate to say the difference between the two .

second , Personality traits can help us understand and explain human behavior .

Why do some people do things for three minutes ？ Why do some people love each other but still can't help cheating many times ？ Why do some people do it face to face , A set on the back ？ Why are some people stubborn like a cow ？ Why do some people get angry with a little excitement ？ These confusing behaviors , Personality traits can help us understand easily .

Third , Personality traits can help us predict future behavior . such as , What kind of career are you more suitable for , What kind of object is more suitable to find , Key job recruitment how to find the right employees , How to get along well with colleagues with different personalities . Learned the theory of personality trait school , Master some judgment tools , We can better predict human behavior , Get along with people efficiently .

HOW

How reasonable , Effectively assess individual personality traits , We can get data from four dimensions , abbreviation S.L.I.B.

S DATA The first and most important data is S data , Self reporting data , This is also the most common method in the market , Through interviews with individuals , Questionnaire to get information . The preparation for this course includes 120 The questionnaire belongs to this kind of method . Of course ,S There are many forms of data acquisition , For example, forced multiple-choice questions , Open ended questions , Even 13 types of interviews , All belong to S How data is collected .

advantage

1. You are your own expert , No one knows you better than yourself , It is you who spend the longest time with you . and , For others , Your mental activity is only visible to you .

therefore , What you provided S Data comprehensiveness and unique perspective , It is beyond the reach of other data , In particular, the true portrayal of the heart is very personal but very important information .

2. Causal relationship , Self testifying prophecy . We are in the process of answering questions , In fact, many of the answers are subconscious level ideal self , Not the true self . But again , In order to let others treat us like this , We will also make extra efforts to pursue this ideal self . This process is self - validating prophecy . therefore , When we're in S Get a high extraversion score in the data , Even if your true self is not as extroverted at this time , But you will also be imperceptibly outgoing .

3. It's easy . If you want to know yourself or others quickly, efficiently and cheaply , Fill out a questionnaire , It must be the best choice .

shortcoming

1. Profit and loss are the same ,S The advantage of data is that only you can peek into your heart , The disadvantage is that if you are ashamed of some of your characteristics , Or you express something you don't have , This will greatly reduce S The accuracy of the data .

2. Even if the individual is willing to truthfully express all his feelings , But some memories may really , Some memories are not necessarily important or even true . The point of view of the psychoanalytic school points out that a person actively suppresses some particularly important memories , For example, if the memory is too painful , The psychological protection mechanism will refuse to let this memory enter the consciousness level . Many hypnotherapy is through hypnosis to arouse the individual subconscious level memory . In that case , Your subjective answer may lead to miscalculation . Another possible misjudgment is the relationship between fish and water , Fish don't know what water is , I don't know I'm wet , If you are too prominent in one respect , Maybe all your observations will focus on this aspect , So as to ignore other details that we are used to .

3. It's too easy , So that you have path dependence . Measure it by yourself , Believe the answer completely , So as to ignore all other collection methods .

L

L Data is life data , Do you have a criminal record , Whether to get married or divorce , What is the degree , What do you do at work , What is the annual salary , How many driving violations are there , Is the credit investigation overdue , I have traveled to several countries , How many times have you been in love , Are there any children , These are the real and reliable data information that we can publicly consult or collect . We practice every day , The information obtained from the observation of others is L Category of data . Because these information are objective facts , So it's the result of personality traits , Not personality itself . For example, a person changed his job three times a year on his resume , This is the truth , So we infer that due diligence should not be too high . If a person's passport is full of stamps of the entry-exit customs , It's also true , If it's not work but travel , Then we can infer that his openness will not be too low . A person's brake pads consume a lot , It must be a sudden brake , This is still true , Then we can infer that his extroversion will not be too low . therefore L After data collection , We need to make reasonable inferences about this information to get the answer we want .

advantage

1. real , objective . All data collection is relative to S Active expression of data ,L Data can basically be judged as objective facts . For example, a person has a criminal record , The reason for his crime was dictated by him S data , And the court records , Crime files are L data , By comparison, it must be L The data is more authentic and reliable .

2. Can directly reflect the psychological state , For example, if a person's room is very tidy, it can be inferred that his conscientiousness is not low . For example, an individual without obvious defects 40 Still unmarried at the age of , The big probability has some psychological problems .

shortcoming

L The biggest drawback of data is the need to infer , From objective facts to subjective inference , There will be many deviations . For example, a person goes to 40 Still unmarried at the age of , Maybe the social circle is too narrow , Or there are too strong personal goals to achieve , Or too conscientious , But they are really unable to support their families financially , Not necessarily mental problems . A person changes jobs three times a year , It is also possible that the former two companies went bankrupt soon after he joined , Instead of quitting . therefore , about L Data inference , We must maintain a skeptical and cautious attitude to examine , Instead of making a firm judgment .

I DATA Data is asking the insider , That is, to consult people who know well in their life and work . There will always be a variety of data providers around us , For example, parents , partner , friend , colleagues , classmate , Even a counselor who has done counseling , The lawyer , The doctor who operated on us, etc .

advantage

1. Can collect a large amount of information , When you really want to chase a girl , Ask her best friend , You will get more information than you expected , Because discussing others is often the most interesting topic .

2. The observations of others are relatively objective and true , And it is often possible to observe the multiple personalities of individuals . Because everyone will show their different side to different roles , For example, you may be a good friend , But when you come to work, you will show your competitive side .

3. Information carries the common sense judgment of those who know it , For example, an observed individual shows depression , When we are not familiar with an individual, we often infer that he is neurotic , But the truth is that the individual is a very optimistic and cheerful person , It's just that my favorite family member has just passed away , This type of judgment can be accurately answered by using data .

4. Expectation effect or behavior verification , just as S Like the self-evident prediction of the data , If you get the expression of your desired ideal personality traits from his population , That will often encourage and urge yourself to become such an example . such as , I know from my partner that I am a conscientious person , Then I tend to be more loyal in my next life .

shortcoming

1. Limited information , Because although they are close relatives and friends , But we will not be together all the time , So the data that can be collected is often limited .

2. Masked personality , People are social animals , So social intercourse is the basic attribute of people , Since there is social intercourse , There are roles , Since there is a role to play , There will be more or less role masks . For example, in the eyes of leaders, I have done my duty , The house may be in a mess .

3. prejudice , Because the data is collected by acquaintances , So there will be colored glasses more or less . For example, you can always read the news , After many criminals are caught , Relatives and family members were shocked , Because the individuals in their eyes are so filial and pleasant .

B DATA B data , That is, the test data of the laboratory . This data is to put individuals in a standardized test situation , The aim is to examine whether different people react differently to the same situation . It should be noted that , The data of this type of test is often more than the experiment itself , Some experiments also collect individual physiological data , Like blood pressure , heart rate , Even NMR and so on . And there are many kinds of experiments , Such as situational experiments , The most famous is the Stanford Prison Experiment , For example, projection experiment , Thematic Apperception Test , Rorschach ink test , Fang Shuren, etc .

advantage

1. You can purposefully set some scenarios that are difficult to observe at ordinary times to quickly and easily obtain data .

2. The data results are obtained by objective observation , So we can get more accurate results

shortcoming 1. When an individual is tested , Will unconsciously guess the purpose of the experiment , If you find that the experiment is to test your own characteristics , Will subconsciously strengthen or weaken their own performance in this regard , To get better performance , This will easily lead to deviation of results .

2. There is also a logical inference step between the obtained results and the experimental conclusions , This creates uncertainty in interpretation . For example, I often mentioned the cotton candy experiment , The content of the experiment is very simple , Tell your child that marshmallows are just one thing to eat now , You can eat two when I come back , The next day I can eat ten , To test the child's ability to delay gratification . But in terms of trait theory , Children who do not eat may be obedient or introverted . The ability to delay gratification simply from the experimental results is indeed biased .

The above four observation dimensions , We will use... In our series of courses . Prepared before class 120 Question test , yes S How to obtain data . Through the observation of actual combat cases to judge personality traits , yes L How data is obtained . Practice judging friends around you , Is the way to obtain data , Last , I will add some specific experiments , I will even teach you some simple and practical psychological experiments and some trigger situations , This is it. B How to obtain data .

Personality is undoubtedly complex , That's why no two people in the world are exactly the same , But it is , We need more systematic learning , Because we need to socialize with people all the time , Dealing with . And simple constellations , Blood type , The difference between men and women , Even fire out of the circle MBT, It's just a peek at the leopard . Okay , That's all for today's lesson , I'll see you next week .

---

Big Five personality tool

Hello everyone , I am the ghost brother , Let's continue with the content of the last lesson . When we describe a person's character , The subconscious level actually wants to classify individuals through some specific characteristics , And then to understand , infer , Predict individual behavior .

for instance , When we met a new friend at the bar , She sat shyly in a corner , We will unconsciously say , This friend is a little introverted . This simple judgment actually contains two meanings , First of all , Her current behavior is due to her introversion . second , According to the principle that personality traits are relatively stable , We also believe that she will tend to be introverted in the future . So when we say she is introverted , It is not only easy for us to understand why we all talk happily together , She was sitting in the corner alone , We can also imagine , If I want to develop a close relationship with her in the future , Then I must take the initiative . Above two levels of understanding , In fact, everyone has , It's just the depth , Different degrees of accuracy , And this thinking process is carried out by most people at the subconscious level , So thinking is fast enough to complete in the blink of an eye .

And this thinking process , The bottom logic is the trait theory in personality psychology . And the adjectives you use to describe individual traits , It's the classification tool your subconscious uses to infer and predict .

So what tools have we used ？ We use sentimentality , Take the unhappy Lindaiyu as an example .

On men and women

Some male chauvinists would say , Lindaiyu is really troublesome , All you do is cry . The classification tool behind this sentence is sex , Human beings are simply divided into men and women . The best use of this classification tool is the book written by John Gray, a famous sexologist 《 Men are from Mars , Women are from Venus 》, This book sells well 20 Years of books tell us , Men and women are completely different species , Men are from Mars , The Martian mechanism is the cave mechanism , In the face of external pressure , They would hide in caves and think for themselves , Find solutions alone , Self repair . Until we find a way , He will drill out of the cave , Resurrection full of blood . During this time , He will divert his attention through some small things , Dispersion pressure . And women come from Venus , The Venusians are characterized by a language expression system . This is different from Martians in that , Martian Language is to express information , The language of the Venusians is to express emotions . For example, the Venusians opened the wardrobe and said “ Ah , Summer is coming , I have no clothes to wear ”, The Martian looked back , A closet full of clothes , If you can't read emotions , Would be stupid to say “ Isn't your closet full ？”, Is there anything wrong with the Martians ？ you 're right , Because his language only expresses the information of objective facts , That is, there is a cabinet of clothes . But remember , Venusians express emotions rather than information , She said she had no clothes to wear just to express that she had no new clothes to wear , I just want to go shopping and buy clothes . therefore , If you understand this emotion , Just express your willingness to go shopping with her or transfer money directly through Alipay . If you can offer something like a dress , I think you look good in a dress , That's a good emotional response .

Constellation theory

Other people will say , Lindaiyu must be a Pisces . Pisces people are immersed in imagination all day , unrealistic , Easily influenced by environment and others , Lack of reason , Give oneself over to blind emotions . And sentimental , A weak will , So I am depressed all day , irresolute and hesitant . I am Taurus , Can't get along with each other . The classification tool behind this passage , It is the constellation theory that has entered many of your subconscious mind , How popular is constellation theory ？ I don't properly say , I can't even describe the characteristics of some constellations as collective unconsciousness . such as , Speaking of Virgo is obsessive-compulsive disorder , When it comes to Scorpio, you have a dark stomach , When it comes to Taurus, it's one track plan , Gemini is fickle and so on . Then why is the constellation theory so popular ？ It's simple , The classification criteria are simple and clear , Just tell me your date of birth .

Humoral theory

Of course , Personality psychology has developed so far , There are also many professional classification tools . Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician, put forward the theory of body fluid , That is, people are composed of four kinds of body fluids , They are blood 、 Mucus 、 Yellow bile and black bile , The four body fluids are normally balanced , But if there is too much body fluid , Will show different characteristics , Lindaiyu is a typical case of depression caused by excessive black bile .

​ Nine personality

Nine types of personality is to divide individuals into nine different types , Lindaiyu is the fourth of them , Tragic romantic type （The Tragic Romantic）, This type of personality representation is easily attracted by unrealistic fantasy , introversion , Easy to be sad , Very sensitive , But it is also very artistic . The typical number four in our life is brother “ Leslie cheung ” And his good friend Tony Leung .

PDP

PDP（Professional Dyna-MetricPrograms, Behavioral trait dynamic measurement system ） Is to divide individuals into five types , They are dominant , export-oriented , Patient , Precise , Integrated , The corresponding animals are , The tiger , Peacock , The koala , Owl , Chameleon Lindaiyu is a typical owl , Excessive due diligence leads to sensitivity , There is no room for a grain of sand in my eyes .

​ Character color

Character color theory , Domestic products include Lejia FPA, There are... Abroad Tue colors, Although the theories are different , But the same is true of the two theories , Lindaiyu is a typical blue , Natural romanticism , So it's easy to be pessimistic , Be cautious in doing things , Sensitive and suspicious , Frail pity .

​ DISC William · Morton · Marston , The American psychologist who invented the lie detector , We have developed a widely used in the workplace DSC, The theory divides individuals into four dimensions , I.e. dominant Dominance, Influence type Influence, Robust Steadiness, Cautious type Compliance, And Lindaiyu is a typical cautious type who pays attention to people but tends to be passive + Robust .

​ MBTI

Of course, there are also those who have been out of the ring recently MBTI, This classification tool derived from Jung's theory , Just sum up Lindaiyu in four letters , namely ISFP. The specific meaning is that Lindaiyu is introverted , The way of knowing things is detail oriented , The criteria for making judgments are based on feelings , Participation and perception of lifestyle and environmental habits . I will explain this at the end of the course , I won't repeat it here .

Regionalism

It can also be classified by region , Jews are smart and good at doing business , Italian romance , The Russians are tough , Shanghainese petty bourgeoisie , Fujian people are Chinese Jews and so on. These are the classification tools of some personality traits that we often use , It should be noted that , Don't do it because you like it , Or get used to using a certain tool , Just slander other tools , After all, being is reasonable , Besides, , They are just tools to help you understand the individual . then , Let me focus on , Unifies the domestic and foreign personality psychology characteristic theory academic circles' tool - Big five （BIG FIVE）

Big five /BIG FIVE/OCEAN

In the book that has the greatest impact on me 《 The invitation of Linguistics 》 In the book , We know why language is important , Because it can convey information , We humans are powerful , It is because we can inherit the wisdom of ancient people for hundreds of years through the information transmitted by language . So I understand this truth , We are thinking a little more , Words were invented , Because human beings need it . And the more frequently used words , The more granular it is , namely , The more words that express this content . For example, in the South , It doesn't snow once in a few years , So people in the South will only say it snows after it snows . But in the North , It snows every day in winter , Therefore, people living in the North need to describe the snow with greater granularity in order to facilitate life , therefore , Light snow , Sleet , large snowflakes , Flying snow , a snowstorm is raging , Such words describing snow will become more and more abundant . This is the underlying logic of vocabulary invention .

The story goes back to the previous video ,1930 year , The famous psychologist Galton · Olport （Gordon Allport） Choose words to describe personality traits from Webster's dictionary 17953 individual , Then they used several criteria to reduce the vocabulary .

1. Put the attractive , This kind of subjective evaluation is annoying , Words that are not objective and essential are removed , About a third .

2. Put the frenzied , The words describing the temporary psychological state of joy are removed , Because personality traits are relatively stable and lasting , About a quarter .

3. Finally go to heavy , Remove ambiguous words , be left over 4500 Words meet the criteria for describing stable personality traits .

The time came to 1980 year , British psychologist who invented fluid intelligence and crystal intelligence , Raymond · The cartel chose 35 A word that he thinks is particularly important , And use... For these traits BLIS Four ways are analyzed , It turns out that five factors always appear first on the list , Combining the words I just talked about to invent the underlying logic , These five factors are the most common , Basic personality traits . This is the big five （Bg Five）, These five factors are extraversion , Conscientiousness , open , agreeableness , neurotic .

Last , Paul · Costa （Paul Costa） And Robert · McRae

（Robert McCrae） In collaboration with the American Institute of health , Designed

“ Big Five personality scale ”, The questionnaire is in the form of phrases , Not adjectives , This can describe the meaning more accurately , Avoid ambiguity caused by the use of a single word .

And the scale also subdivides six sub items for each personality , To ensure that we make a more complete evaluation of personality . Before detailed teaching , Let's take a brief look at these five directions .

Extroversion （Extraversion）, That is, the tendency to actively associate with others , Sub items include （CAFE AG, Another cup of coffee ）

1. happy （Cheerfulness）, The tendency to be happy

2. self-confidence

（Assertiveness）, The tendency to do things boldly

3. Enthusiasm （Friendiness）, The tendency to socialize actively .

4. Pursuit of stimulation （Excitement-Seeking）, Do you like the tendency to stimulate 5. Active level （Activity Level）, The tendency to be active

6. Gregarious （Gregariousness）, The tendency to be with others

Conscientiousness （Consciousness）, The tendency to be conscientious , Sub items include （SC,SODA, Sichuan soda ）

1. Self efficacy

（Self-Efficacy）, Believe in whether you can finish the work , A tendency to have confidence in getting things done

2. cautious （Cautiousness）

The tendency to think carefully 3. Self-discipline （Self-Discipline）, Will power is a strong tendency

4. order

（Orderliness）, Whether there is an organized tendency in life and work

5. Due diligence （Dutifulness）, The tendency of due diligence 6. Goal effort value （Achievement-Striving）, Whether the tendency to pursue excellence

open （Openness）, That is, the tendency to be open to experience , Sub items include （AEA,ILI）

1. Art Aesthetics （Artistic Interests）, A tendency toward a degree of interest in art and aesthetics

2. emotional （Emotionality）, The tendency of emotional richness and experience degree

3. Adventurous spirit （Adventurousness）, The tendency to pursue the experience of new life things

4. Intelligence quotient (IQ) （Intellect）, That is, the level of fluid intelligence and speculative tendency

5. Liberalism （Liberalism）, Challenge authority , Traditional tendencies

6. imagination （Imagination）, The tendency of the richness of imagination

agreeableness （Agreeableness）, The tendency to be accepted by others , Sub items include （TM,CAMS, damn it , camera ）

1. trust （Trust）, The tendency to believe in the goodness of human nature

2. frank （Morality）, The tendency to be frank and sincere 3. Compliance （Cooperation）, Whether to obey , A tendency to cooperate

4. Altruism （Altruism）, Is it altruistic

5. modesty （Modesty）, Whether the tendency of modesty 6. Compassion （Sympathy）, Is there a compassionate tendency

neurotic （Neuroticism）,{

That is, the tendency of emotional fluctuation , Sub items include （A DIVAS, A female star ）

1. anxious （Anxiety）, Is it easy to be anxious

2. depressed （Depression）, Are you prone to depression

3. Unrestrained （Immoderation）, Whether it is easy to control the tendency of desire

4. fragile （Vulnerability）, The tendency of high and low stress ability

5. anger （Anger）, Is prone to anger 6. Self-consciousness （Self-Consciousness）, The tendency to be easily influenced by others

The above is a brief introduction to the five directions and thirty sub items of big five , So back to the beginning of the video , What is Lindaiyu's personality , In terms of big five, the extroversion and agreeableness are not high , They are quite open and conscientious , Very neurotic .

Last , I want to say , If you are going to turn trait theory into a weapon to arm yourself , Practice subconsciously to know the characteristics of people , I strongly recommend that you practice the big five tool deliberately , And memorize these five directions and their corresponding six sub items , Of course , If you just listen to music , Or just want to expand your knowledge , Just get familiar with it . Okay , This is the end of the class , I'll see you next week .

---

Conscientiousness —— Big Five personality model teaching

Hello everyone , I am the ghost brother .

Today is the fourth class of the fifth year , Let's talk about conscientiousness .

WHAT

Conscientiousness ,conscientiousness, seeing the name of a thing one thinks of its function , Do you try your best to take responsibility . According to the objects of due diligence , That can be divided into Be responsible for yourself , Be responsible to others , And being responsible for things . You should know , Conscientiousness is richer than responsibility .

Be responsible for yourself , Show self-discipline , Have good habits 、 Long term fitness 、 Control your diet 、 Avoid smoking, drinking and other harmful behaviors .

Be responsible to others , If it is an intimate relationship , Relationship satisfaction will be high , Will also show enough loyalty ; In the face of society , Can also show enough responsibility , Commonly known as reliable .

And be responsible for things , It shows that the storage is neat , In good order , Show a strong desire to control things .

So conscientiousness is one of the most important traits related to personal achievements .

Moving offer3 That issue , I also mentioned ： For the boss , Due diligence is the safest indicator . When you are faced with the dilemma of multiple suitable job seekers , There is no mistake in choosing the one with high responsibility .

* Speaking of this, many people must ask me , How to improve accountability ？*

Experience tells me , After personality development and stability , The five directions of big five are difficult to adjust .

And one of , Which one is the most difficult to adjust .

But there is no good or bad personality , All you need to do is accept yourself , Then find the right way to use it .

A conscientious person , From the perspective of work style , They need to plan , I also like making plans . Only clear goals , With clear rules , To give full play to their advantages .

So the high achievers are organized 、 disciplined , And no matter what difficulties we face , Do your best , The feeling is reliable .

But the low score person does things casually , Don't like to be constrained , Habitual trampling on rules and regulations . This kind of people do things freely , No organization, no discipline , It is difficult to complete the work with quality and quantity guaranteed within the specified time .

however , They often have novel ideas and rich inspiration .

《 Happy Trio 》 This is the case with chenjianbin

Six sub directions of conscientiousness

first ,** Self efficacy （Self-Efficacy）,** Determination to get things done . This concept is the famous Bandura in 《 Self efficacy 》 The book suggests that . The simple explanation is that high scorers believe that they have the wisdom they need to succeed 、 Motivation and self-control .

for instance , When a student's ability and knowledge remain unchanged , The higher your self-efficacy , The higher the test scores .

So at this stage, the test of students' IQ has been questioned , The reason is that there are research findings , Students with higher self-efficacy , The higher the IQ test , It has little to do with the intelligence of students .

Behind it The underlying logic , Psychological explanation is Self testifying prophecy , Believe you can do it , The result is often higher .

WhatsAPP The founder of Brian Acton, After resigning from Yahoo, I was rejected to apply for twitter , Then he sent a circle of friends and said , Tweeted HQ rejected .

[ Failed to transfer the external chain picture , The origin station may have anti-theft chain mechanism , It is suggested to save the pictures and upload them directly (img-sjDNo4f0-1655044073553)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xkyvvv/blogpic3/main/img/202205281927729.png)]

HQ I really don't know what it is , however Brian Their attitude has not been hit at all , He laughed at himself and said , It's OK , Anyway, the company is too far away from home . It wasn't long before he applied for Facebook , At this time, his circle of friends can see that there is still a trace of frustration , But he didn't flinch , He threatened to prepare himself for the next challenge .

Later he developed WhatsAPP, And under his leadership, he made great progress all the way , With a final 190 Sold to Facebook for a whopping $billion . This is the high score of self-efficacy , Even in adversity , Never doubt yourself .

the second , order （Orderliness）, Whether life and work are organized .

High scorer Need plan , And especially like making plans , It is also easier to develop your abilities under clear goals , They are in good order . And those with low scores It is often chaotic , Free and loose , Even the room was a mess .

Here I would like to say two more words , People with high scores of order tend to have a mental illness , It is called compulsive personality disorder in psychology OCPD, But before explaining the name , Let's first emphasize OCPD And the well-known obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD The difference between .

Most people tend to confuse the two ： Obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive personality disorder .

The two are not even in the same category ： Obsessive compulsive disorder OCD It is a behavior disorder caused by anxiety , Patients face anxiety , Will be forced to repeat an action or idea . For example, I always feel that the doors and windows are not closed after I go out , I feel nervous and want to go to the bathroom , When you are emotionally unstable, you want to wash your hands .

[ Failed to transfer the external chain picture , The origin station may have anti-theft chain mechanism , It is suggested to save the pictures and upload them directly (img-kwNRfLHc-1655044073554)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xkyvvv/blogpic3/main/img/202205281927415.png)]

The films of Zheng Xiuwen and Andy Lau 《 A man and a woman 》 in , Zhengxiuwen is emotionally unstable , Just want to wash the toilet , This kind of behavior belongs to obsessive-compulsive disorder . It is a system with depression , It belongs to the category with high neuroticism .

and Obsessive compulsive personality disorder OCPD, Psychiatrists define it as a kind of neat and orderly , Perfectionism , Obsession with psychological and interpersonal control .

It's a mental illness , To a greater extent than OCD serious . This kind of people are sensitive to time 、 thing 、 Even the characters have almost abnormal control .

[ Failed to transfer the external chain picture , The origin station may have anti-theft chain mechanism , It is suggested to save the pictures and upload them directly (img-K4wWEajC-1655044073554)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xkyvvv/blogpic3/main/img/202205281927252.gif)]

Like Nicolas Cage in the movie 《 Matchman 》 The same role in , He needs regular medication to control his illness , The house must be spotless , Not a hair on the carpet .

Third , Due diligence （Dutifulness）, be conscientious and responsible .

High scorer Will be rated as reliable , They always try their best to finish the work , Have a strong sense of duty . If you can't complete the task , Can cause serious anxiety . and Low scores , Face goals and jobs you don't like , Easy to procrastinate . Easy to say yes to work , But I often feel pain afterwards .

The fourth one ,** Goal effort value （Achievement-Striving）,** Whether to pursue excellence .

The key to confusion here is to distinguish the reasons for the effort , Is it because of anxiety or has a clear goal , Are you inspired and inspired by your idea or mission under this goal .

Translate , People who work hard are not necessarily highly conscientious **, The key is to have a convincing world view , Know the meaning of this .** High scores and striving for excellence , Have a strong sense of direction , Know your mission , Know the meaning of your life .

The fifth one ,** Self-discipline （Self-Discipline）,** Is willpower strong .

High scorer The ability to persist in completing difficult or unpleasant work . Can overcome dissatisfaction and start working , And be able to stay focused in case of interference . and Low scores It is easy to be distracted by external interference , Even give up the pursuit of goals .

[ Failed to transfer the external chain picture , The origin station may have anti-theft chain mechanism , It is suggested to save the pictures and upload them directly (img-BZUUwqJk-1655044073554)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xkyvvv/blogpic3/main/img/202205281927577.gif)]

The football Emperor C ROM. , In order to maintain their peak state , On any occasion , Never drink sponsor Coca Cola , This is the performance of high scorers .

Sixth ,** cautious （Cautiousness）,** The degree of thoughtfulness , Whether it is prudent .

High scorer Before making a decision , Think carefully about the diversity of problems 、 adequacy , So that you can make a decision calmly .

Low scores It is often what comes to mind , Patting your head is faster than patting your butt , And rarely consider the possible consequences of the choice .

In the history of , Cao Cao failed to assassinate DongZhuo in the romance of the Three Kingdoms , Get out of town , Hide in luboshe's house . I heard the sound of sharpening knives outside in the middle of the night , Thought the other party was going to kill himself , So I started first , Kill the whole family of luboshe , And said that “ I'd rather teach you to be responsible for the world , Don't teach the world to bear me ” The famous saying of . Then I learned , Luboshe wanted to kill a pig to entertain himself .

This is the performance of high scorers , The official history of the Wei Dynasty records another version , Cao Cao did not kill by mistake , Lvboshe's five sons really want to rob Cao Cao's belongings .

Why

Psychologically , our Intelligence is divided into **** Fluid intelligence and crystal intelligence .

Fluid intelligence is the traditional sense of intelligence , It includes our memory 、 Ability to calculate 、 Reasoning power 、 Awareness . It is based on physiology , Reached its peak in his twenties , Down slowly .

Crystal intelligence is cognition 、 Experience 、 Skill , In theory, it will grow with age .

The study found that , High conscientious people have low fluid intelligence .

It means that conscientiousness is negatively correlated with fluid intelligence , So there is a corollary that people with lower fluid intelligence , Insufficient ability to deal with unexpected problems , So through hard work 、 Self-discipline 、 Plan to make up for your weaknesses .

Of course , It may also be due diligence , Suppressed the development of fluid intelligence .

Advantages and disadvantages

Highly responsible people , Easier to succeed in career and academic , Social resources tend to favor high achievers . They usually live longer and healthier .

High agreeableness , The happiness with high extroversion is different , These two groups of people are just driven by their personality to be more positive and happy , The high conscientious people are more likely to develop good living habits and avoid bad hobbies , So it is easier to get a healthy and long-lived body .

During the epidemic , Go out and take a plane , Even people who have to wear full protective clothing to buy vegetables , Must be more conscientious than people who don't want to wear masks . Of course , Many people would say that such people are afraid of death .

Of course The disadvantage of the high conscientious group is also obvious ： They are prone to perfectionism , carp , Excess of control , Lead to lack of pioneering courage , It's hard to expand the comfort zone ; Easy to blame yourself , Once you make a mistake , Will be very guilty , It leads to a sharp decline in happiness and anxiety .

[ Failed to transfer the external chain picture , The origin station may have anti-theft chain mechanism , It is suggested to save the pictures and upload them directly (img-6zg84KI2-1655044073555)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xkyvvv/blogpic3/main/img/202205281927000.png)]

And this kind of people often have bad interpersonal relationships , Their hard work and excessive concentration will make people feel tired and unhappy , Everything is done step by step , People will be very boring.

The advantages of the high scorer Usually in an orderly society , For example, public institutions , The general direction of the future is certain , It won't change much , This kind of environment is very conducive to the highly responsible people to complete the task with high efficiency and quality .

But in the face of chaos , If you don't understand flexibility, it will become a great disadvantage , For example, the war in ancient times , For example, you need to explore the market in the shopping mall . Your conscientiousness in these scenarios will greatly reduce your chances of survival .

The improvement of the low scores , Because attention is easily distracted , My experience is to live a minimalist life . Face the needs of others , We must do what we can , Don't over commit , We must know how to refuse .

How to get along

face Highly responsible people , Do you want to Figure out their bottom line , Their principles , Because this is the red line that can't be touched in any case . If the other party has a plan , Or not , Or be sure to follow the arrangement , The appointed time , Don't be late , Don't let it go .

[ Failed to transfer the external chain picture , The origin station may have anti-theft chain mechanism , It is suggested to save the pictures and upload them directly (img-CTBZP2is-1655044073556)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xkyvvv/blogpic3/main/img/202205281927419.png)]

In life , It's hard to avoid some strange requests from the other party ： Wash your hands when you enter the door , The toothpaste is squeezed from the bottom , Put your shoes with your head outward , Take what you put , We try to follow these details , Don't challenge .

about Low conscientious people , You need to know This is a personality trait , Encourage him to accept himself .

* A very wrong view is to mistakenly regard character as a defect *, Many people with low Conscientiousness feel lazy , I am not reliable , Sichuan dialect is water , I don't think I can accomplish anything , Do things half heartedly , These are misreading of personality .

Be sure to encourage others , Encourage yourself to accept yourself , I'm born to be useful , You just didn't find the home court , I haven't found a place where I can play my character .

Career choice

**
**

About career recommendations , People with high conscientiousness are universal , Other personality dimensions have their own adaptive range , But people with high conscientiousness even if they don't like it , Or poor ability , Can force themselves to complete the task . therefore , They adapt to almost any job and position .

In contrast, people with low Conscientiousness , Be sure to try to avoid the workflow 、 Time 、 Positions with strong target control . Your attention should be on In an open work , Even freelancing .

Okay , That's all for today's Big Five personality teaching , See you next time .