Introduction to class library, framework, module, component and other concepts

stay Introduction to software architecture One article , Define the essence of software architecture as elements (element) And the relationship between these elements (relation). here , Summarize the common elements in the software architecture , Facilitate unified communication . These elements include, but are not limited to, class libraries 、 frame 、 modular 、 Components 、 service 、 Platform, etc .

Class library (Library)

A class library is a collection of reusable functions or tools , Applications call them , So as to achieve the purpose of reusing functions . Simply speaking , Class library is a two-way package in daily development ( Internal public package )、 Tripartite package ( Third party public package ). say concretely , Such as front-end development of various basic script libraries 、Java All kinds of... That the project depends on jar package , It's all class libraries .
Class libraries differ according to their language or platform environment , It can be compiled binary execution code (xxx.exe) Intermediate code ( Such as jar package ) form , It can also be source code (JavaScript Class library in , Common in interpreting execution languages ). The calling relationship of class libraries is generally introduced into the target application in the development stage , The runtime executes the actual call .
Such as Java In development , The public hosting platforms of the third-party library include Maven Repository、 Alibaba cloud etc. .

frame (Framework)

A framework is based on a set of class libraries or tools , An open application skeleton composed according to certain rules in a specific field , such as Spring Framework、Angular、React etc. . The framework has the following characteristics ：
(1) Supportability + Extensibility ： The framework does not solve specific business function problems , Developers can add various specific business functions on the basis of the framework 、 Custom features , So as to form a specific business application system .
(2) Polymerization + Binding ： The frame is a polymer formed by various technical points according to certain rules . The adoption of a certain framework means the technical selection of the framework . Identify a specific framework among the many possible technical alternatives , Other follow-up work will start from this , You also need to follow these rules , So the framework itself affects every aspect of the R & D process .

The scaffold

On a concrete framework , Add some basic or reusable functions , At this point, you get a structure between the framework and the application , It is generally called scaffold (Scaffold). Scaffolding can be used to quickly implement similar projects .

modular (Module)

A module is a division of a business or system according to a specific dimension , It can also be seen as a form of aggregation of various functions according to a certain classification . Like a website , On the one hand, it can be divided into registration modules in terms of business 、 Unregister module 、 Login module 、 Exit module, etc . On the other hand , It can also be said that the user module aggregates user registration 、 User authentication and other business functions . such , In the process of designing and developing applications , It can be organized according to modules . Modules are generally the decoupling partition of the system on a larger granularity , Second only to the system or subsystem level .

Components (Component)

A component is a set of reusable business functions , Contains some objects and their behavior . Components can be directly part of a business system , The granularity is generally smaller than that of the module , It is also a form of aggregation of functions , For example, log component 、 Permission components, etc . Depending on the form of the component , Differences in behavior and use , Components also have some extended concepts .

artifacts (Composite)

Component is a complex component form formed by the combination of multiple components with hierarchical composition relationship . Such as a front-end reusable page component , On the left is a combination TreeView Components , On the right is a combination GridView Components etc. .

parts (Widget)

The main components are UI Interface construction , Such as the weather widget of the operating system 、 Calendar widget, etc .

plug-in unit (Plugin)

When the system is running, it can be plug and play 、 Components that are disabled or uninstalled at any time , Generally, it has a definite life cycle and will not affect the main business . Such as IDEA All kinds of plug-ins 、Eclipse Plug-ins, etc. .

service (Service)

Structured information standards promotion organization (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) Define a service as ：

 A mechanism that allows access to one or more functions , The access needs to use the specified interface , And consistent with the constraints and policies specified in the service description .  

A service is a collection of functions that provide external business processing capabilities , Services need to use explicit interface methods ( Such as FTP、HTTPS etc. ), The service description should include constraints and policies ( Like parameters 、 Return value 、 Communication protocol 、 Data format, etc ). Microservice architecture The microservice in is consistent with the service concept here .

platform (Platform)

Generally speaking , A platform is an ecosystem in a field or direction , Is the master of many solutions , Provided a lot of services 、 Interface 、 standard 、 standard 、 function 、 Tools etc. . Such as J2EE platform , Including various technical capabilities for enterprise application development .

Reference resources

High availability scalable microservice architecture Cheng Chao Liang Guizhao Qin Jinwei Fang Zhibin younglab Waiting