Perfect guide | how to use ODBC for agent free Oracle database monitoring?

Zhang   Woo |Zabbix Senior Certified Expert ZCP

• Zabbix5.0、6.0 The official translator of the Chinese manual

Do you know Zabbix There is one for collecting Oracle Out of the box template for database indicators ？

Use this template , We can use ODBC Collect databases without agents 、 Table space 、ASM And many other indicators . This article will guide you on how to Oracle 11.2、12.1、18.5 or 19.2 Database server settings ODBC monitor , Will be deployment Oracle The perfect guide to database monitoring .

1. download Instant Client and SQLPlus

The commands provided apply to the following operating systems ：CentOS 8、Oracle Linux 8 or Rocky Linux.

First we need to download the following package ： 

oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

oracle-instantclient19.12-sqlplus-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

oracle-instantclient19.12-odbc-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

We download here

Oracle Instant client —— need , Establishment and Oracle Database connection SQLPlus—— We can use it to test and Oracle Database connection tool Oracle ODBC package —— Include the required ODBC Drivers and configuration scripts , To enable and Oracle Database ODBC Connect

Upload the package to Zabbix The server （ Or agent , If you want to monitor your Oracle DB） And place it in ：

/tmp/oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm/tmp/oracle-instantclient19.12-sqlplus-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm/tmp/oracle-instantclient19.12-odbc-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

2. Solve the operating system dependency

install “libaio” and “libnsl” library ：

dnf -y install libaio-devel libnsl

otherwise , We will receive errors ：

# rpm -ivh /tmp/oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpmerror: Failed dependencies:        libaio is needed by oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64        libnsl.so.1()(64bit) is needed by oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64# rpm -ivh /tmp/oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpmerror: Failed dependencies:        libnsl.so.1()(64bit) is needed by oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64

Check whether it has been deployed on the system before Oracle Components . The following command should provide an empty output ：

rpm -qa | grep oracleldconfig -p | grep oracle

3. install Oracle client

rpm -ivh /tmp/oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

Make sure the package is installed “oracle-instantclient19.12-basic-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64”：

rpm -qa | grep oracle

4.LD To configure

git.zabbix.com On the official Oracle The template page discusses configuring for services Oracle ENV Usage Methods . For this instant client version 19.12, This is No REQUIRED Build “ Of / etc / SYSCONFIG / ZABBIX The server ” Content file ：

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib64:/usr/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

Although we did install rpm package , but Oracle 19.12 The client package is indeed automatically configured at the global level LD route —— This means that every user on the system can use Oracle Instant client . We can see LD The path has been configured in ：

cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf

Show results ：

/usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib

To ensure that the operating system recognizes Oracle library , We can run ：

ldconfig -p | grep oracle

Correct display ：

liboramysql19.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/liboramysql19.solibocijdbc19.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libocijdbc19.solibociei.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libociei.solibocci.so.19.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libocci.so.19.1libnnz19.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libnnz19.solibmql1.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libmql1.solibipc1.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libipc1.solibclntshcore.so.19.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libclntshcore.so.19.1libclntshcore.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libclntshcore.solibclntsh.so.19.1 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.19.1libclntsh.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libclntsh.so

** Be careful ：** If for some reason ldconfig The command displays links to other dynamic libraries - That's what we may have to do for Zabbix The server / Agents create separate ENV file , It will Zabbix The application links to the correct dynamic library , As the example shows, the beginning of this section .

5. Check Oracle Whether the service port can reach

Save us some trouble in the future , First check and Oracle Network connection of database host . Check whether the default... Can be accessed at the network level Oracle port . In this case , We will try to connect to the default Oracle Database port 1521. According to your Oracle The database is listening on the connected port , Adjust accordingly . Make sure the output shows “ Connected to 10.1.10.15:1521”：

nc -zv 10.1.10.15 1521

6. Test and SQLPlus The connection of

Continuing ODBC Before configuration , We can simulate with Oracle Database connection . Make sure that Oracle The user name and password are correct . For this task , We need to install... First SQLPlus package .：

rpm -ivh /tmp/oracle-instantclient19.12-sqlplus-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

To simulate the connection , We can use single line commands . In the example command , Use my user name “system” And password “oracle” Through the port “1521” visit Oracle database server “10.1.10.15” And connect to the service name “xe”：

sqlplus64 'system/[email protected](DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.1.10.15)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=xe)))'

In the output, we can see ： We use 19.12 The client connects to 11.2 The server ：

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Sep 6 13:47:36 2021Version 19.12.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

** Be careful ：** This provides us with information about Oracle Additional tips for instant clients —— The new version of the client is backward compatible with the old version Oracle database server . Although this does not apply to Oracle client / Each version of the server , But please check first Oracle Instant client documentation .

7.ODBC The connector

When it comes to configuration ODBC, Let's install ODBC Drive manager

dnf -y install unixODBC

Now we can see that we have two new documents ——“/etc/odbc.ini”（ It could be empty ） and “/etc/odbcinst.ini”. file “/etc/odbcinst.ini” Describes the driver relationship . at present , When we 'grep' keyword 'oracle' There was no installation oracle Relationship , When we run, the output is empty ：

grep -i oracle /etc/odbcinst.ini

Our next step is to install Oracle ODBC Driver package ：

rpm -ivh /tmp/oracle-instantclient19.12-odbc-19.12.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

'oracle-instantclient*-odbc' The package contains a script , Will automatically update '/etc/odbcinst.ini' To configure ：

cd /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/bin./odbc_update_ini.sh / /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib

Show results ：

 *** ODBCINI environment variable not set,defaulting it to HOME directory!

Now when we print documents on the screen ：

cat /etc/odbcinst.ini

We will see that Oracle 19 ODBC Drive part ：

[Oracle 19 ODBC driver]Description     = Oracle ODBC driver for Oracle 19Driver          = /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libsqora.so.19.1Setup           =FileUsage       =CPTimeout       =CPReuse         =

In execution “ldd” On command , It is important to check whether there are no errors in the output . This ensures that dependencies are satisfied and accessible , And there is no conflict with library version control ：

ldd /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libsqora.so.19.1

It will print something similar ：

linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff121b5000)libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fb18601c000)libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007fb185c9a000)libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fb185a7a000)libnsl.so.1 => /lib64/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007fb185861000)librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007fb185659000)libaio.so.1 => /lib64/libaio.so.1 (0x00007fb185456000)libresolv.so.2 => /lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007fb18523f000)libclntsh.so.19.1 => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.19.1 (0x00007fb1810e6000)libclntshcore.so.19.1 => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libclntshcore.so.19.1 (0x00007fb180b42000)libodbcinst.so.2 => /lib64/libodbcinst.so.2 (0x00007fb18092c000)libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fb180567000)/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fb1864da000)libnnz19.so => /usr/lib/oracle/19.12/client64/lib/libnnz19.so (0x00007fb17fdba000)libltdl.so.7 => /lib64/libltdl.so.7 (0x00007fb17fbb0000)

When we execute “odbc_update_ini.sh” Script time , stay “/root/.odbc.ini” Created a new DSN（ Data source name ） file . This is an example configuration ODBC The configuration file , It describes this version of ODBC What settings does the driver support .

Let's move this configuration file from the user directory to a system wide accessible location ：

cat /root/.odbc.ini | sudo tee -a /etc/odbc.ini

And completely delete the file from the user directory ：

rm /root/.odbc.ini

such , Every user in the system will only use this ODBC The configuration file . We can now change the existing configuration – /etc/odbc.ini. I want to highlight what has changed from the default ：

[Oracle11g]AggregateSQLType = FLOATApplication Attributes = TAttributes = WBatchAutocommitMode = IfAllSuccessfulBindAsFLOAT = FCacheBufferSize = 20CloseCursor = FDisableDPM = FDisableMTS = TDisableRULEHint = TDriver = Oracle 19 ODBC driverDSN = Oracle11gEXECSchemaOpt =EXECSyntax = TFailover = TFailoverDelay = 10FailoverRetryCount = 10FetchBufferSize = 64000ForceWCHAR = FLobPrefetchSize = 8192Lobs = TLongs = TMaxLargeData = 0MaxTokenSize = 8192MetadataIdDefault = FQueryTimeout = TResultSets = TServerName = //10.1.10.15:1521/xeSQLGetData extensions = FSQLTranslateErrors = FStatementCache = FTranslation DLL =Translation Option = 0UseOCIDescribeAny = FUserID = systemPassword = oracle

DSN  – Data source name . It should match the partial names in parentheses , for example ：[Oracle11g] ServerName – Oracle Server address UserID – Oracle user name Password – Oracle User password

To test the connection from the command line , Let's use isql Command line tools , The tool should simulate ODBC Connect , Be similar to Zabbix The operation being performed when collecting indicators ：

isql -v Oracle11g

In this example isql Command from the odbc.ini Select... From the file ODBC Set up （ user name 、 password 、 Server address ）. All we have to do is quote specific DSN – Oracle11g

On the other hand , If we don't want to be in the file system (/etc/odbc.ini) Keep password on , We can delete “UserID” and “Password” That's ok . Then we can test ODBC Connect ：

isql -v Oracle11g 'system' 'oracle'

If the connection is successful , It should print ： This is it. ODBC To configure ！ Now we should be able to Zabbix Application in Oracle by ODBC The template

+---------------------------------------+| Connected!                            ||                                       || sql-statement                         || help [tablename]                      || quit                                  ||                                       |+---------------------------------------+SQL>

Don't forget it , We also need to provide the necessary Oracle Vouchers to start collecting Oracle Database metrics ：