ssh的复习

介绍

SSH（Secure Shell）是一种能够以安全的方式提供远程登录的协议，也是目前远程管理Linux系统的首选方式。在此之前，一般使用FTP或Telnet来进行远程登录。但是因为它们以明文的形式在网络中传输账户密码和数据信息，因此很不安全，很容易受到黑客发起的中间人攻击，轻则篡改传输的数据信息，重则直接抓取服务器的账户密码。
想要使用SSH协议来远程管理Linux系统，则需要配置部署sshd服务程序。sshd是基于SSH协议开发的一款远程管理服务程序，不仅使用起来方便快捷，而且能够提供两种安全验证的方法：

基于密码的验证—用账户和密码来验证登录；
基于密钥的验证—需要在本地生成密钥对，然后把密钥对中的公钥上传至服务器，并与服务器中的公钥进行比较；该方式相较来说更安全。

ssh-keygen
在客户端主机中生成“密钥对”，记住是客户端。
ssh-copy-id
把客户端主机中生成的公钥文件传送至远程服务器。
scp

参数	作用
-v	显示详细的连接进度
-P	指定远程主机的sshd端口号
-r	用于传送文件夹
-6	使用IPv6协议

配置文件作用

Port 22	默认的sshd服务端口
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0	设定sshd服务器监听的IP地址
Protocol 2	SSH协议的版本号
HostKey /tc/ssh/ssh_host_key	SSH协议版本为1时，DES私钥存放的位置
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key	SSH协议版本为2时，RSA私钥存放的位置
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key	SSH协议版本为2时，DSA私钥存放的位置
PermitRootLogin yes	设定是否允许root管理员直接登录
StrictModes yes	当远程用户的私钥改变时直接拒绝连接
MaxAuthTries 6	最大密码尝试次数
MaxSessions 10	最大终端数
PasswordAuthentication yes	是否允许密码验证
PermitEmptyPasswords no	是否允许空密码登录（很不安全）

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.103 2018/04/09 20:41:22 tj Exp $

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.

# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin

# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.

# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none

# This system is following system-wide crypto policy. The changes to
# crypto properties (Ciphers, MACs, ...) will not have any effect here.
# They will be overridden by command-line options passed to the server
# on command line.
# Please, check manual pages for update-crypto-policies(8) and sshd_config(5).

# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH

#LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m

#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10

#PubkeyAuthentication yes

# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile	.ssh/authorized_keys

#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none

#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes

# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PermitEmptyPasswords no


# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes

# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Fedora and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes

#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes

# It is recommended to use pam_motd in /etc/pam.d/sshd instead of PrintMotd,
# as it is more configurable and versatile than the built-in version.
PrintMotd no

#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#UseDNS no
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none

# no default banner path
#Banner none

# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS

# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem	sftp	/usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server

UseDNS no
AddressFamily inet
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes

面试题

1、Windows和LINUX常用的远程连接工具有那些

xshell、serureCRT