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C ＃, introductory tutorial -- debugging skills and logical error probe technology and source code when the program is running

2022-07-28 08:47:00 【Deep confusion】

One 、 An overview of program errors

programming level , Like the constitution of the same person , Mainly from the foundation , Mathematics and algorithms ;

But programmed Skill , For example, one's martial arts or sports performance , It mainly comes from debugging 、 Testing and tracking .

Program errors can be roughly divided into ： Grammar mistakes 、 Data error 、 Logic error

We all know , If the program is on which line ？ Which column appears Grammar mistakes ,Visual Studio compiler Will point it out directly , It's easy to see , Very convenient .

The compiler is first of all a tool designed to solve syntax errors .

Data error It mainly appears in local , or Interface part . Local data error , By setting breakpoints , Then press F10, F11 Wait for shortcut keys Step by step debugging Is a good way .

But many cannot be debugged in one step Interface type data error , It's more troublesome . We can only use the following methods .

Logic error It's deadly 、 It is also the most difficult to track and analyze . Logic error still Procedural error , It often appears when the program is running . But , If it is a compiled program , be called Runtime code , There is an error , How to know which line ？ Which train ？ Which function has a problem ？

You may have read many articles in this field , But then C# for , I suggest you use Beijing Liangao Software Development Co., Ltd Open source here Truffer One of the basic classes of ：C# Runtime logic error probe class .

characteristic ：

（1） Directly output which source code ？ Line number ？ Column number ？ Function name ？ Key information ;

（2） Insert probe And revoke It's very simple ;

（3） can Pagination The output exceeds 20 Billion probe information , As long as you have enough hard disk space ;

（4） Output based Probe information , You can do a lot of analysis （ big data ）;

（5） Based on the following code Truffer Xtracer Function more , For example, you can detect Dead cycle , Can detect the heap 、 Stack and over bound of important data .

Two 、 Logic error probe class （ A short edition ）

#if DEBUG
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Legalsoft.Truffer
{
    public static class zz
    {
        private static StringBuilder sb { get; set; } = new StringBuilder();
        private static string head { get; set; } = "";
        private static string tail { get; set; } = "";
        private static string format { get; set; } = "";
        /// <summary>
        ///  The number of steps of the tracker 
        /// </summary>
        private static long step { get; set; } = 0;
        /// <summary>
        ///  Every  html  The file shows  step  Count 
        /// </summary>
        private static long pagesize { get; set; } = 5000;
        /// <summary>
        ///  every other  writesize  Output tracker statement （html）
        ///  If you set  writesize=0, Then each tracker statement outputs a file ;
        /// </summary>
        private static long writesize { get; set; } = 100;
        /// <summary>
        ///  initialization 
        /// </summary>
        private static void a()
        {
            if (head.Length == 0)
            {
                StringBuilder sx = new StringBuilder();
                sx.AppendLine("<html>");
                sx.AppendLine("<body>");
                sx.AppendLine("<style>td { padding:5px;text-align:left; } </style>");
                sx.AppendLine("<table width='100%' border=1 bordercolor='#AAAAEE' style='border-collapse:collapse;'>");
                sx.Append("<tr style='background-color:#EEEEFF;'>");
                sx.Append("<td> Serial number </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> file name </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> That's ok </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> Column </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> Function name </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> Information </td>");
                sx.AppendLine("</tr>");
                head = sx.ToString();
            }
            if (tail.Length == 0)
            {
                StringBuilder sx = new StringBuilder();
                sx.Append("<tr style='background-color:#EEEEFF;'>");
                sx.Append("<td> Serial number </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> file name </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> That's ok </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> Column </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> Function name </td>");
                sx.Append("<td> Information </td>");
                sx.AppendLine("</tr>");
                sx.AppendLine("</table>");
                sx.AppendLine("</body>");
                sx.AppendLine("</html>");
                tail = sx.ToString();
            }
            if (format.Length == 0)
            {
                StringBuilder sx = new StringBuilder();
                sx.Append("<tr>");
                sx.Append("<td style='text-align:right'>{0}</td>");
                sx.Append("<td>{1}</td>");
                sx.Append("<td>{2}</td>");
                sx.Append("<td>{3}</td>");
                sx.Append("<td>{4}</td>");
                sx.Append("<td>{5}</td>");
                sx.AppendLine("</tr>");
                format = sx.ToString();
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        ///  Probe function 
        ///  The calling method is :
        /// zz.z(new StackTrace(new StackFrame(true)).GetFrame(0));
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sf"> Stack frame </param>
        /// <param name="info"> You can define any type of output information </param>
        public static void z(StackFrame sf, string info = "")
        {
            a();
            string buf = String.Format(format, step + 1, sf.GetFileName(), sf.GetFileLineNumber(), sf.GetFileColumnNumber(), sf.GetMethod().Name, info);
            sb.AppendLine(buf);

            if (step > 0)
            {
                if ((step % writesize) == 0 || writesize == 0)
                {
                    string fn = String.Format("Z-{0:D8}.html", (int)((step - (step % pagesize)) / pagesize));
                    File.WriteAllText(fn, head + sb.ToString() + tail, Encoding.UTF8);
                }
                if ((step % pagesize) == 0)
                {
                    sb.Clear();
                    sb.AppendLine(buf);
                }
            }
            step++;
        }
    }
}
#endif

Usage method ：

Please save the above code as Basic.Z.cs , And add The project project that will do .

3、 ... and 、 Use of probes

Add the appropriate probe code to the original program , Then run the program to output Z-0000000.html Such a page file , You can read directly with the browser , Understand the sequence of program calls , And analyze the possible logical problems .

1、 Probe insertion

In need of recording （ Probe ） The location of , Insert the following statement ：

#if DEBUG
            zz.z(new StackTrace(new StackFrame(true)).GetFrame(0));
#endif

Or bring important information （ track begin end Data changes of ）：

#if DEBUG
            zz.z(new StackTrace(new StackFrame(true)).GetFrame(0), begin + ", " + end);
#endif

A complete code example ：

...
using Legalsoft.Truffer;


namespace Legalsoft.DeepConfiser
{
    public class TokenScanner
    {       
        /// <summary>
        ///  Put all tokens （tokens）
        ///  Press  {}  Roughly divided into hierarchical blocks （block）
        /// （ Depth first traversal recursive algorithm ）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="parent"></param>
        /// <param name="tokens"></param>
        /// <param name="begin"></param>
        /// <param name="end"></param>
        public void Segmentation(Block parent, List<Token> tokens, int begin, int end)
        {
#if DEBUG
            zz.z(new StackTrace(new StackFrame(true)).GetFrame(0), begin + ", " + end);
#endif

            if (tokens[begin].Buffer == "{" && tokens[end].Buffer == "}")
            {
                begin++;
                end--;
            }

            ...
        }
    }
}

2、 Withdrawal of probe

Compilation options #if DEBUG , Only applicable to the compilation results of debugging mode ; about RELEASE For the compiled version of , Among them exe The document does not contain The probe's , No output Z-00000000.html file , thus , Generally speaking , You don't need to delete （ revoke ） The probe code added earlier .

Small medicine cures serious diseases .

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