Built in function time date function

11.4　 Date and time functions

MySQL A large number of date and time functions are built in , Be flexible 、 Easily process date and time data , This section briefly introduces MySQL Date and time functions built in .

11.4.1　CURDATE() function

CURDATE() The function returns the current date , Only years 、 month 、 Some day , The format is YYYY-MM-DD. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT CURDATE();+------------+| CURDATE()  |+------------+| 2019-12-11 |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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CURRENT_DATE() Functions and CURDATE() The same function , I won't repeat .

11.4.2　CURTIME() function

CURTIME() The function returns the current time , When only 、 branch 、 Second part , The format is HH:MM:SS. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT CURTIME();+-----------+| CURTIME() |+-----------+| 11:27:44  |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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CURRENT_TIME() Functions and CURTIME The same function , I won't repeat .

11.4.3　NOW() function

NOW() The function returns the current date and time , Include year 、 month 、 Japan 、 when 、 branch 、 second , The format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT NOW();+---------------------+| NOW()               |+---------------------+| 2019-12-15 11:29:22 |+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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CURRENT_TIMESTAMP() function 、LOCALTIME() function 、LOCALTIMESTAMP() function 、SYSDATE() Functions and NOW() The same function , I won't repeat .

11.4.4　UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date) function

take date Turn into UNIX Time stamp . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(now());+-----------------------+| UNIX_TIMESTAMP(now()) |+-----------------------+|            1576380910 |+-----------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(CURDATE());+---------------------------+| UNIX_TIMESTAMP(CURDATE()) |+---------------------------+|                1576339200 |+---------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(CURTIME());+---------------------------+| UNIX_TIMESTAMP(CURTIME()) |+---------------------------+|                1576380969 |+---------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.5　FROM_UNIXTIME(timestamp) function

FROM_UNIXTIME(timestamp) Function will UNIX Time stamp is converted to date time , The format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS, And UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date) Functions are inverse functions to each other . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1576380910);+---------------------------+| FROM_UNIXTIME(1576380910) |+---------------------------+| 2019-12-15 11:35:10       |+---------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.6　UTC_DATE() function

UTC_DATE() Function to return UTC date . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT UTC_DATE();+------------+| UTC_DATE() |+------------+| 2019-12-15 |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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You can also return YYYYMMDD Format date . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT UTC_DATE()+0;+--------------+| UTC_DATE()+0 |+--------------+|     20191215 |+--------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.7　UTC_TIME() function

UTC_TIME() Function to return UTC Time . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT UTC_TIME();+------------+| UTC_TIME() |+------------+| 06:39:00   |+------------+1  row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.8　YEAR(date) function

YEAR(date) The function returns the year of the date , Value returned as 1970～2069. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT YEAR(NOW());+-------------+| YEAR(NOW()) |+-------------+|        2019 |+-------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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Be careful ：00～69 Will be converted to 2000～2069,70～99 Will be converted to 1970～1999.

11.4.9　MONTH(date) function

MONTH(date) Function is used to return the month corresponding to the date , Value returned as 1～12. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT MONTH(NOW());+--------------+| MONTH(NOW()) |+--------------+|           12 |+--------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.10　MONTHNAME(date) function

MONTHNAME(date) Function is used to return the English name of the month where the date is located . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT MONTHNAME(NOW());+------------------+| MONTHNAME(NOW()) |+------------------+| December         |+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.11　DAY(date) function

DAY(date) The function returns only the date . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DAY(NOW());+------------+| DAY(NOW()) |+------------+|         15 |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.12　DAYNAME(date) function

DAYNAME(date) Function is used to return the English name of the week corresponding to the date . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DAYNAME(NOW());+----------------+| DAYNAME(NOW()) |+----------------+| Sunday         |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT DAYNAME('2020-01-01');+-----------------------+| DAYNAME('2020-01-01') |+-----------------------+| Wednesday             |+-----------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.13　DAYOFWEEK(date) function

DAYOFWEEK(date) Function is used to return the index value of the week corresponding to the date .1 Means Sunday ,2 For Monday , And so on . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DAYOFWEEK(NOW());+------------------+| DAYOFWEEK(NOW()) |+------------------+|                 1 |+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT DAYOFWEEK('2020-01-01');+-------------------------+| DAYOFWEEK('2020-01-01') |+-------------------------+|                        4 |+-------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.14　WEEKDAY(date) function

WEEKDAY(date) Function returns the index value of the week corresponding to the date .0 For Monday ,1 For Tuesday , And so on . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT WEEKDAY(NOW());+----------------+| WEEKDAY(NOW()) |+----------------+|               6 |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT WEEKDAY('2020-01-01');+-----------------------+| WEEKDAY('2020-01-01') |+-----------------------+|                      2 |+-----------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.15　WEEK(date) function

WEEK(date) Function returns the week number of a given date in a year . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT WEEK(NOW());+-------------+| WEEK(NOW()) |+-------------+|           50 |+-------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.16　WEEKOFYEAR(date) function

WEEKOFYEAR(date) Function returns the week ordinal of the year . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT WEEKOFYEAR(NOW());+-------------------+| WEEKOFYEAR(NOW()) |+-------------------+|                 50 |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.17　DAYOFYEAR(date) function

DAYOFYEAR(date) The function returns the day of the year . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DAYOFYEAR(NOW());+------------------+| DAYOFYEAR(NOW()) |+------------------+|               349 |+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.18　DAYOFMONTH(date) function

DAYOFMONTH(date) Function returns the day of the month . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DAYOFMONTH(NOW());+-------------------+| DAYOFMONTH(NOW()) |+-------------------+|                 15 |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.19　QUARTER(date) function

QUARTER(date) Function returns the quarter corresponding to the date , The scope is 1～4. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT QUARTER(NOW());+----------------+| QUARTER(NOW()) |+----------------+|               4 |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.20　HOUR(time) function

HOUR(time) Function returns the hour of the specified time . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT HOUR(NOW());+-------------+| HOUR(NOW()) |+-------------+|           11 |+-------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.21　MINUTE(time) function

MINUTE(time) The function returns the minutes of the specified time , Value range 0～59. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT MINUTE(NOW());+---------------+| MINUTE(NOW()) |+---------------+|             45 |+---------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.22　SECOND(time) function

SECOND(time) Function returns the number of seconds of the specified time , Value range 0～59. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT SECOND(NOW());+---------------+| SECOND(NOW()) |+---------------+|             22 |+---------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.23　EXTRACT(type FROM date) function

EXTRACT(type FROM date) Function returns a specific part of a specified date ,type Specifies the value to be returned . among ,type The values of are shown in the table 11-1 Shown .

surface 11-1　EXTRACT(type FROM date) Function type The value and meaning of

Be careful ： When EXTRACT(type FROM date) Function type The value is MINUTE_SECOND when , Represents the return of minutes and seconds , When date The minutes in are 12, The second is 12 when , The result returned is 1212. in other words , Splice the second value directly after the minute .type When the value is other underlined values , Follow the same rule .

An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR_MINUTE FROM NOW());+---------------------------------+| EXTRACT(HOUR_MINUTE FROM NOW()) |+---------------------------------+|                             2142 |+---------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.24　TIME_TO_SEC(time) function

TIME_TO_SEC(time) Function will time Convert to seconds and return the result value . The conversion formula is ： Hours *3600+ minute *60+ second . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT TIME_TO_SEC(NOW());+--------------------+| TIME_TO_SEC(NOW()) |+--------------------+|               78774 |+--------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.25　SEC_TO_TIME(seconds) function

SEC_TO_TIME(seconds) Function will seconds The description is converted to include hours 、 Minutes and seconds . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT SEC_TO_TIME(78774);+--------------------+| SEC_TO_TIME(78774) |+--------------------+| 21:52:54            |+--------------------+1 row in set (0.12 sec)

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11.4.26　DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type) function

DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type) The function returns and date Difference between INTERVAL The date of the interval , In essence, it is the addition of dates . In this function type Is the type of interval , The interval type is shown in the table 11-2 Shown .

surface 11-2　DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type) Function type The value of

An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY);+---------------------------------+| DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY) |+---------------------------------+| 2019-12-16 22:04:36              |+---------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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ADDDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type) Function and DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type) The function does the same thing , I won't repeat .

11.4.27　DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expr type) function

DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expr type) The function returns and date Difference between INTERVAL The date of the interval , In essence, it is the subtraction of date , among type The values of are shown in table 11-2. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY);+---------------------------------+| DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY) |+---------------------------------+| 2019-12-14 22:09:10              |+---------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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SUBDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type) Function and DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expr type) Functions work the same , I won't repeat .

Be careful ：DATE_ADD、ADDDATE、DATE_SUB and SUBDATE this 4 Both functions can specify negative values .

11.4.28　ADDTIME(time1,time2) function

ADDTIME(time1,time2) The function returns time1 add time2 Time for . among ,time2 It's an expression , It can also be a number , When time2 When it is a number , It stands for seconds . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT ADDTIME(NOW(), 50);+---------------------+| ADDTIME(NOW(), 50)  |+---------------------+| 2019-12-15 22:17:47 |+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT ADDTIME(NOW(), '1:1:1');+-------------------------+| ADDTIME(NOW(), '1:1:1') |+-------------------------+| 2019-12-15 23:18:46     |+-------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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ADDTIME(NOW(),'1:1:1') It means that the return is the current time plus 1 Hours 1 branch 1 Seconds later .

ADDTIME(time1,time2) Function time2 The value of can also be negative .

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mysql> SELECT ADDTIME(NOW(), '-1:-1:-1');+----------------------------+| ADDTIME(NOW(), '-1:-1:-1') |+----------------------------+| 2019-12-15 22:19:29         |+----------------------------+1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

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ADDTIME(NOW(),'-1:-1:-1') It means to return the current time minus 1 Hours 1 branch 1 Seconds later .

11.4.29　SUBTIME(time1,time2) function

SUBTIME(time1,time2) The function returns time1 subtract time2 After time . among ,time2 It's an expression , It can also be a number , When time2 When it is a number , It stands for seconds . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT SUBTIME(NOW(), 50);   +---------------------+| SUBTIME(NOW(), 50)  |+---------------------+| 2019-12-15 22:23:35 |+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT SUBTIME(NOW(), '1:1:1');+-------------------------+| SUBTIME(NOW(), '1:1:1') |+-------------------------+| 2019-12-15 21:23:50     |+-------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT SUBTIME(NOW(), '-1:-1:-1'); +----------------------------+| SUBTIME(NOW(), '-1:-1:-1') |+----------------------------+| 2019-12-15 22:25:11        |+----------------------------+1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

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11.4.30　DATEDIFF(date1,date2) function

DATEDIFF(date1,date2) Function calculates the number of days between two dates . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DATEDIFF(NOW(), '1970-01-01');+-------------------------------+| DATEDIFF(NOW(), '1970-01-01') |+-------------------------------+|                          18245 |+-------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.31　FROM_DAYS(N) function

FROM_DAYS(N) Function returns from 0000 year 1 month 1 The date of ,N Days later . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT FROM_DAYS(366);+----------------+| FROM_DAYS(366) |+----------------+| 0001-01-01     |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.32　LAST_DAY(date) function

LAST_DAY(date) The function returns date The date of the last day of the month . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT LAST_DAY(NOW());+-----------------+| LAST_DAY(NOW()) |+-----------------+| 2019-12-31      |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.33　MAKEDATE(year,n) function

MAKEDATE(year,n) The function returns a date for a given year and the number of days in the year . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT MAKEDATE(2020,1);+------------------+| MAKEDATE(2020,1) |+------------------+| 2020-01-01       |+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT MAKEDATE(2020,32);+-------------------+| MAKEDATE(2020,32) |+-------------------+| 2020-02-01        |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.34　MAKETIME(hour,minute,second) function

Set the given hour 、 Minutes and seconds are combined into time and return . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT MAKETIME(1,1,1);+-----------------+| MAKETIME(1,1,1) |+-----------------+| 01:01:01        |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.35　PERIOD_ADD(time,n) function

PERIOD_ADD(time,n) The function returns time add n After time . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT PERIOD_ADD(20200101010101,1);+------------------------------+| PERIOD_ADD(20200101010101,1) |+------------------------------+|               20200101010102 |+------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.36　TO_DAYS(date) function

TO_DAYS(date) Function returns the date date distance 0000 year 1 month 1 Days of the day . An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT TO_DAYS(NOW());+----------------+| TO_DAYS(NOW()) |+----------------+|          737773 |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.37　DATE_FORMAT(date,format) function

DATE_FORMAT(date,format) Function in the specified format format To format the date date. among ,format Common formatting symbols are shown in table 11-3 Shown .

surface 11-3　DATE_FORMAT(date,format) Function format Common formatter

An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%H:%i:%s');+--------------------------------+| DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%H:%i:%s') |+--------------------------------+| 22:57:34                        |+--------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.38　TIME_FORMAT(time,format) function

TIME_FORMAT(time,format) Function in the specified format format To format the date date. among ,format The commonly used format characters are shown in table 11-3. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT TIME_FORMAT(NOW(), '%H:%i:%s');    +--------------------------------+| TIME_FORMAT(NOW(), '%H:%i:%s') |+--------------------------------+| 22:59:40                        |+--------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.39　GET_FORMAT(date_type,format_type) function

GET_FORMAT(date_type,format_type) Function returns the display format of the date string , among date_type Represents the date type ,format_type Indicates the format type . The values of date type and format type are shown in table 11-4 Shown .

surface 11-4　GET_FORMAT The format string returned by the function

An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT GET_FORMAT(DATE, 'USA');+-------------------------+| GET_FORMAT(DATE, 'USA') |+-------------------------+| %m.%d.%Y                |+-------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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11.4.40　STR_TO_DATE(str,format) function

STR_TO_DATE(str,format) Function to string str according to format Format into date or time . among ,format The values of are shown in table 11-3. An example is as follows ：

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mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('2020-01-01 00:00:00','%Y-%m-%d'); +-----------------------------------------------+| STR_TO_DATE('2020-01-01 00:00:00','%Y-%m-%d') |+-----------------------------------------------+| 2020-01-01                                     |+-----------------------------------------------+1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)