当前位置：网站首页>[laser principle and application-1]: what is a laser and its common applications

Lasers can be divided into Gas laser 、 Solid state lasers 、 Semiconductor lasers and Dye laser 4 Categories: . It has also developed recently Free electron laser , High power lasers are usually pulsed output .

The first 2 Chapter Types of common lasers

2.1 Gas laser

Gas laser uses gas as working substance to produce laser The device .

It consists of discharge Activation in the tube Gas 、 The resonant cavity and the excitation source composed of a pair of mirrors are composed of three main parts , As shown in the figure below ：

The main excitation methods are electric excitation 、 Pneumatic excitation 、 Optical and chemical excitation, etc . among Electric excitation mode The most commonly used . Under proper discharge conditions , Using electron impact excitation and Energy transfer Excitation, etc , Gas particles are selectively excited to a high energy level , So as to form Population inversion , Generate stimulated emission transition .

The structure of gas laser is simple 、 Low cost , It is easy to operate , The working medium is uniform , Good beam quality and stable continuous operation for a long time . It has the most varieties 、 The most widely used laser , The market share reaches 60%.

2.2 Solid state lasers

use Solid state laser materials As Working substance Of laser .

The working medium is a small amount of uniformly mixed in the crystal or glass as the matrix material Activating ions . for example ： stay Yttrium aluminum garnet （YAG） The emitting wavelength of the laser doped with trivalent neodymium ion in the crystal is 1050 Nano near infrared laser .

Solid state lasers are small in size 、 Easy to use 、 High output power .

Solid state lasers are generally Continuous power stay 100 More than tile , The pulse peak power can be as high as 109 W. However, the preparation of the working medium is complex , So the price is more expensive .

2.3 Semiconductor lasers also called Laser diode

It uses semiconductor materials as working materials laser .

Due to the differences in material structure , The specific process of different kinds of laser is quite special . Common working substances are Gallium arsenide （GaAs）、 Cadmium sulfide （CdS）、 Indium phosphide (InP)、 Zinc sulfide (ZnS) etc. . The excitation mode includes electric injection 、 Electron beam excitation and optical pumping . Semiconductor laser devices , Can be divided into homogeneous knots 、 Single heterojunction 、 Double heterojunction, etc . Homojunction lasers and Single heterojunction laser At room temperature, they are mostly pulse devices , and Double heterojunction laser Continuous operation at room temperature .

Semiconductor diode Laser is the most practical and important kind of laser . It's small 、 Long life , And it can be pumped by simply injecting current , Its working voltage and current are compatible with the integrated circuit , Therefore, it can be integrated with a single chip . And you can also use up to GHz A high-speed modulated laser output is obtained by directly current modulating the frequency of .

Because of these advantages , Semiconductor diode lasers in Laser communication 、 Optical storage 、 Optical gyroscope 、 Laser printing 、 Ranging and radar And other aspects have been widely used .

2.4 Dye laser （Dye laser）

It's using Organic dyestuff As a laser medium laser , It is usually a liquid solution .

Compared with gas and solid laser media , Dye lasers can usually be used in a wider wavelength range .

Because of the wide bandwidth , Make them especially suitable for Tunable laser and Pulsed laser .

The first 3 Chapter Common laser applications

Application of laser , According to whether the laser probe is in contact with the substance under the action of the laser , It is divided into Contact type and Contactless Two working modes .

The field of laser application , There are mainly Industry 、 Medical care 、 business 、 scientific research 、 Information and military Six areas .

In industrial application , It mainly includes material processing and measurement control ;

Medical application , There is treatment and diagnosis ; Business applications .

3.1 Laser indication

Laser indicator , Also known as Laser pen 、 Finger star pen etc. , Is to design the visible laser to be portable 、 Easy to hold 、 Laser module （ diode ） Processed pen type transmitter .

common Laser indicator There is red light (650-660nm)、 Green light (532nm) And blue purple light (405nm) etc. . Usually in the meeting 、 teaching 、 Guides will use it to project a spot of light or a ray of light pointing at an object , But it may damage or affect the site of the guide , For example, art museum （ Some paintings are afraid of light ）、 Zoos are not suitable for use .

3.2 Industrial processing

Laser processing technology Is the use of laser beam and material interaction characteristics of the material ( Including metal and non-metal ) For cutting 、 welding 、 Surface treatment 、 Punch 、 Micromachining and as a light source , A technique for identifying objects, etc , The biggest field of traditional application is laser processing technology . Laser technology involves light 、 machine 、 electric 、 A comprehensive technology of materials and testing , Traditionally , Its research scope can generally be divided into ： Processing system including laser 、 Light guide system 、 Machine tools 、 Control system and detection system .

3.3 Processing technology

Including cutting 、 welding 、 Surface treatment 、 Punch 、 Mark 、 Underline 、 Fine tuning and other processing technologies .

Laser welding ： Thick and thin automobile body 、 Car parts 、 The lithium battery 、 pacemaker 、 Sealed relay and other sealed devices, as well as various devices that are not allowed to be polluted and deformed by welding . The lasers currently used are YAG laser ,CO2 laser And semiconductors Pump laser .

Laser cutting ： Automobile industry 、 Computer 、 Electrical enclosure 、 wood Knife mold trade 、 Cutting of various metal parts and special materials 、 Circular saw blade 、 Acrylic 、 Spring washer 、2mm For the following electronic parts Copperplate 、 Some metal Screen 、 Steel pipe 、 Tinning iron plate 、 Lead plated steel plate 、 Phosphor bronze 、 Electric board 、 Thin aluminum alloy 、 quartz glass 、 Silicone rubber 、1mm following Alumina ceramic sheet 、 Used in the aerospace industry titanium alloy wait . Using the laser has YAG Lasers and CO2 laser .

Laser marking ： It is widely used in various materials and almost all industries , The lasers currently used are YAG laser 、CO2 laser And semiconductors Pump laser .

Laser drilling ： Laser drilling is mainly used in aerospace 、 Automobile manufacturing 、 Electronic instruments 、 Chemical industry . The rapid development of laser drilling , Mainly reflected in the use of punching YAG The average output power of the laser has been 5 Years ago, 400w To improve the 800w to 1000w. At present, the mature application of laser drilling in China is Synthetic diamond And natural Diamond Drawing die Production of clocks and meters Gem bearing 、 Aircraft blades 、 Multi-storey Printed circuit board And other industries . At present, most of the lasers used are YAG laser 、 Jinyun CO2 laser Mainly , There are also some. Excimer laser 、 Isotope lasers and Semiconductor pumped laser .

Laser heat treatment ： It is widely used in automobile industry , Such as cylinder liner 、 The crankshaft 、 Piston ring 、 Commutator 、 Heat treatment of gear and other parts , At the same time in Aerospace 、 Machine tool industry and other mechanical industries are also widely used . The application of laser heat treatment in China is far more extensive than that in foreign countries . At present, most of the lasers used are YAG laser ,CO2 laser Mainly .

Laser rapid prototyping ： take Laser processing technology And computer numerical control technology and Flexible manufacturing technology Combine to form . It is mainly used in mold and model industries . At present, most of the lasers used are YAG laser 、CO2 laser Mainly .

Laser coating ： In Aerospace 、 Mold and electromechanical industry are widely used . At present, most of the lasers used are of high power YAG laser 、 Jinyun CO2 Laser based .

3.4 Biological applications

2014 year 6 month , American scientists , Developed a laser system that can quickly control the thoughts of fruit flies . The name of the system is the thought conversion device of flies ( abbreviation FlyMAD), The system tracks the movements of several fruit flies in a limited space through a camera , The researchers sent a message to Drosophila melanogaster Emit a specially tuned laser , It can trigger the brain of fruit flies to communicate with Light and heat Relevant Neural pathways .

I hope to Optogenetics Combined with the thermal genetics directive , In the future, Drosophila melanogaster can be further controlled . Fortunately, the same technology is complex for humans Brain structure There is no effect . Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal experimental object for studying light controlled thinking ,FlyMAD The Drosophila melanogaster used in the experiment was genetically modified , Very suitable for experimental needs .

Just because scientists can direct fruit flies to the moon doesn't mean that one day someone shines a light in your eyes and you can't help dancing on the dance floor , So don't worry , At least not for the time being .

3.5 Ceramic art

Radium laser

What I associate most with ceramics is decoration and storage , meanwhile , It is also a rare ornament . From ancient times to now , The extension of ceramic technology has never stopped , People have a special fondness for its exquisite decoration , He is full of love and longing for the inheritance of ceramic culture . Smooth, mirror like complexion , Wearing a beautiful colored dress , Flirtatious without losing elegance , Beautiful and generous , fascinating .

Ceramic technology is extensive and profound in China , If you don't have a few years' effort in manufacturing , It's hard to get into the house . Now, with the improvement of people's living standards , Ceramic products began to be favored by more people . Now many schools begin the course of ceramic products , Tourism also has on-site ceramic craft experience , And make pottery by hand , You can not only enjoy the fun of making , Can also relax the boring mood in work , Cultivate sentiment .

UV laser ceramic technology

Today, we are going to introduce a new ceramic technology , Carve your own handicrafts on finished ceramics . We will find many exquisite ceramic bowls and chopsticks in the market 、 A cup or jar , Most of them are pure white , Without any color . But often such products sometimes sell better , Because it gives people full play to the imagination of art , When people are shopping , You can put forward process requirements according to your own ideas , Such goods often have more commemorative value . meanwhile , It is also in line with modern people's pursuit of a better life .

UV laser is a kind of processing equipment without consumables , Through its unique natural properties , The wavelength is short 、 Narrow pulse width 、 Small light spot 、 Fast 、 High peak 、 The material is easy to absorb . You don't need to be proficient in carving technology , You don't need others or yourself to draw , It only needs to be controlled remotely by computer , You can design your own patterns or upload your favorite pictures and texts , Adjust the size , Then the UV laser can paint the ideal carving art in an instant .

Tea cup craft

While eating in the hotel , We will find many dishes and chopsticks in hotels 、 The plate will have its own logo , This will not only deepen the impression of diners , It can also reflect the traditional culture of the store . UV laser used for cup or plate marking has become one of the mainstream industrial processing methods , It can be used according to the process requirements of different customers , Like flower patterns 、 Character modification 、 pattern 、 Micro sculpture, etc , While decorating the goods , It also gives commodities higher value .

Ultraviolet laser is a kind of “ Cold working ” The way , Do not burn the edge 、 No carbonization 、 Small thermal effect , Easy to absorb , It has natural advantages in the processing of ceramic vessels . With the continuous maturity and application of laser technology , UV laser has been widely used in the field of ceramic technology , And personalized ceramic process customization and production , It is gradually sought after by the market .

Author URI ( Silicon based workshop of slow fire rock sugar )： Slow fire rock sugar （ Wang Wenbing ） The blog of _ Silicon based workshop of slow fire rock sugar _CSDN Blog

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