English sentence pattern reference exclusive Edition - attributive clause

[ fixing solution ] Attributive clauses are used to modify finite nouns or pronouns , Sentences with post attributives

Be careful ： Words modified by attributive clauses are called antecedents , The person and number in the clause depend on the antecedent , Three single questions

        The attributive clause sometimes does not immediately follow the antecedent

        The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.

         Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were despised

[ Connectives of attributive clauses ] Connectives are meaningless

Relative pronouns ：who        whom        whose        which        that        as

Relative adverb ：when        where        why

         Relative adverb Usually do adverbials of clauses , That is to say + Complete sentences

         Relative pronouns Usually as part of a clause

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[ who ]  Relative pronouns , Make... In the clause The subject

Be careful ： It can only be modified to mean people A noun or pronoun of , Before the main sentence and the subordinate sentence There is no temporal limit

[ who + Predicate object ]

        The girl who helps me every day is beautiful.        Three orders

         The girl who helps me everyday is very beautiful

        I never forget the girl who helped me yesterday.

         I will never forget the girl who helped me yesterday

        How do you thank the people who have helped you?

         How do you thank those who have helped you

        The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.

         The man talking to my father is a policeman

[ who + Tie table  ]

        The girl who is beautiful helped me just now.

         That beautiful girl just helped me

An unqualified attributive clause ： Adjectives and prepositions cannot modify names , The attributive clause can

        Pandora, who is under the tree, is with her boyfriend now.

         Pandora is under the tree , Now with her boyfriend

[ who + auxiliary verb "be" +  transitive verb -ed ] who Make the subject in the passive sentence

        Do you know the girl who was hit last night?

         Do you know the girl who was hit last night ？

You can also use Past participle phrases are used as post attributives , But it cannot be used as the tense of other passive sentences

        Do you know the girl hit last night?

        Do you know the girl who will married by a rich man?

         Do you know the girl who is going to marry a rich man

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[ whom ]  Relative pronouns , Make... In the clause The object

Be careful ： It can only be modified to mean people A noun or pronoun of , Often omit

[ whom + The subject + transitive verb + adverbial ]

        The man (whom) you will marry next year is with you now.

         The person you are going to marry next year is already with you

        The people (whom) you hate are always happy.

         The person you hate is always happy

        The teacher (whom) we all like has resigned.

         The teacher we all like has resigned

[ whom + The subject + Predicate  + to + Prototypes of transitive verbs + adverbial  ] whom Be the object of the infinitive of the verb

        The singer (whom) you want to see has gone.

         The singer you want to see has left

        The girl (whom) I try to help every day is my student.

         The girl I try to help every day is my student

[ whom + The subject + Predicate  + transitive verb -ing + adverbial  ] whom Be the object of a gerund

        The woman (whom) he minds seeing is his ex-wife.

         The woman he wants to see is his ex-wife

        The old man (whom) they denied helping is a beggar.

         They denied that the old man they helped was a beggar

[ whom + The subject + Double object verb  + Direct object  + adverbial  ] whom As an indirect object

Be careful ： The direct object should be preceded by to, You can omit , If not omitted, put to Put it in  whom front , At this time whom Don't omit

        The girl ( to whom) I teach English every day is his sister.

         The girl I teach English every day is his sister

        The man to whom I gave a book just now is my friend.

         The man I just gave him a book is my friend

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[ which ]  Relative pronouns , Do The subject or The object

Be careful ： It can only be modified to mean thing A noun or pronoun of , It can be omitted as an object

[ which + Predicate object ]  doing

Be careful ： Pay attention to the singular and plural of antecedents , Three single questions

        The book which helps me a lot is very old.

         This book that often helps me is very old

        The house which fell down last year is big.

         The house that collapsed last year was very big

        Guilin is a city which has a history of 2000 years.

        Guilin shizuo has 2000 A city with a history of five years

[ which + Tie table  ]  doing

Be careful ： Pay attention to the singular and plural of antecedents , Three single questions

        This is the book which is very popular among young girl.

         This is a book very popular with young girls

        Have you seen the TV show which is very popular recently.

         Have you seen the popular TV programs recently

[ which + auxiliary verb "be" +  transitive verb -ed ] which Make the subject in the passive sentence

Be careful ： Pay attention to the singular and plural of antecedents , Three single questions

        Have you visited the house which was built 200 years ago?

         Have you visited 200 A house built years ago

        Do you know the tree which was planted by Sunzhongshan?

         Do you know the tree planted by Sun Yat Sen

        The books which have been bought from Taobao.com are cheap.

         from Taobao.com The books bought by the company are very cheap

[ which + The subject + transitive verb + adverbial ]  Be an object

        I found the key (which) I lost last night.

        I found the key I lost last night

[ which + The subject + Predicate  + to + Prototypes of transitive verbs + adverbial  ] which Be the object of the infinitive of the verb

        I this the book you wanted to buy last year?

        Is this the book you wanted to buy last year ？

[ which + The subject + Predicate  + transitive verb -ing + adverbial  ] which Be the object of a gerund

        The song I enjoy listening to every day is very populay.

         The song I like to listen to every day , It's very popular now

[ which + The subject + Double object verb  + Direct object  + adverbial  ] which As an indirect object

        Have you received the gift I sent to you last week?

         Did you receive the gift I gave you last week ?

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[ that ]  Relative pronouns , Do The subject or The object

Be careful ： Sure Modifier means thing 、 people A noun or pronoun of , It can be omitted as an object , amount to who、whom、which

For the above  who、whom、which  The attributive clause formed , Basically, you can use that replace

[ that + Predicate object ]  doing

Be careful ： Pay attention to the list of antecedents The plural , Three single questions

        The men that makes me angry is her husband.

         The man who makes me angry is her husband

        The event that makes me angry is about my student.

         What makes me angry is about my students

[ that + Tie table  ]  doing

        The car that is very expensive is his father's.

         That expensive car belongs to his father

[ that + auxiliary verb "be" +  transitive verb -ed ] that  Make the subject in the passive sentence

        The book (that) was bought last week is very good.

         The book I bought last week is very good

[ that + The subject + transitive verb + adverbial ]  Be an object

        Have you found everything (that) you need?

         Have you found what you need

[ that + The subject + Predicate  + to + Prototypes of transitive verbs + adverbial  ] that  Be the object of the infinitive of the verb

        There are some films (that) I'd like to see.

        There are several movies I want to see

[ that + The subject + Predicate  + transitive verb -ing + adverbial  ] that  Be the object of a gerund

        The song (that) I enjoy litening to every day is very popular.

         The song I like to listen to is very popular

[ that + The subject + Double object verb  + Direct object  + adverbial  ] that  As an indirect object

        The books (that) I gave him just now are very useful.

         The books I just gave him are very useful

[ that And which The difference between ]

① which It can lead to non finite attributive clauses ,that You can't

② which Prepositions can be added in front ,that You can't

③ The antecedent is Indefinite pronouns , use that, no need which

some some         any whatever         both Both         none no one / matter         either One of the two

neither Neither         all All         one Someone or something         each Someone or something         each Every

every Every         many quite a lot         much quite a lot         another the other one         other other , other

more more         most Most of the         few Very few         little Very few         no No,  

        There is nothing that can stop him.

         Nothing can stop him

④  Antecedent Modified by ordinal words Of , use that, no need which

        The first place that they visited in Beijing was the Great Wall.

         The first place they visited in Beijing was the Great Wall

⑤ Antecedent Be modified by the superlative adjective Of , use that, no need which

        This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

         This is the best movie I have ever seen

⑥ Antecedent By the very, the only, the just And so on , use that, no need which

        This is the only company that I worked for.

         This is the only company I have worked in

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[ whose ]  Relative pronouns ,whose + Noun   Do The subject

Be careful ： Do Prepositive attributive , Modify a noun

[ whose + Noun + Predicate + ( The object ) + ( adverbial ) ] whose + Noun doing

        The man whose wife bought a big gold ring is very rich.

         The man whose wife bought a big gold ring is very rich

[ whose + Noun + Is a verb + An expression  + ( adverbial ) ] whose + Noun doing

        The house whose price is low was bought by him.

         He bought the house at a low price

[ whose + Noun + The subject + transitive verb  + ( adverbial ) ] whose + Noun Be an object

        The man whose son every gril loves is very handsome.

         Every girl loves a son whose man is very handsome

[ whose + Noun + auxiliary verb "be" + transitive verb -ed + ( adverbial ) ] whose + Noun Be the subject of a passive sentence

        Can you fix the house whose roof was blown off last night?

         Can you repair the house whose roof was blown off last night

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[ when ]  Relative adverb

Be careful ：when It makes no sense , Do the adverbial of time , Similar antecedents time, day, hour, year

[ when + The subject + Predicate + ( The object ) + ( adverbial ) ] when Do adverbial

        I can't forget the day when I broke up with my girlfriend.

         I can't forget the day when I broke up with my girlfriend

[ when + Passive sentence ] when Do adverbial

        Did she remember the night when she was kissed by her first boyfriend?

         Does she still remember the night when she was kissed by her first boyfriend

[ when + The subject + Is a verb  + An expression  + ( adverbial ) ] when Do adverbial

        I still remember the days when I was a worker.

         I still remember the days when I was a worker

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[ where ]  Relative adverb

Be careful ：where  It makes no sense , Do the adverbial of place , Similar antecedents place, room, house, street, area

[ where + The subject + Predicate + ( The object ) + ( adverbial ) ] where  Do adverbial

        This is the place where we fought together.

         This is where we fight together

[ where + Passive sentence ] where  Do adverbial

        Do you know the hotel where the boss was killed last year?

         Do you know the hotel where the boss was killed last year

[ where + The subject + Is a verb  + An expression  + ( adverbial ) ] where  Do adverbial Very few

        This is the place where my grand mother was born.

         This is where my grandmother was born

[ where + there be + The subject  ] where  Do adverbial

        Have you been to the street where there are many pubs and foreigners?

         Have you ever been to the streets where there are many bars and foreigners

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[ why ]  Relative adverb

Be careful ：why  It makes no sense , Do the adverbial of reason , Antecedent only one reason

[ why + The subject + Predicate + ( The object ) + ( adverbial ) ] why  Do adverbial

        I don't know the reason why she gave up going to the famous university.

         I don't know why she gave up going to that famous university

[ why + Passive sentence ] why  Do adverbial

        Do you know the reason why he is often criticized in the office?

         Do you know why he is often criticized in the office ?

[ why + The subject + Is a verb  + An expression  + ( adverbial ) ] why  Do adverbial

        Do you know the reason why Nick is busy lately?

         Do you know the reason why Nick is so busy recently ？

[ why + there be + The subject  ] why  Do adverbial

     Do you know the reason why there were many police cars around this house last night?

         Do you know why there were many police cars around this house last night ？

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[ Attributive clause with preposition before relative pronoun ] who, whom, whose, which, that, as

Be careful ：which, whom Sure As the object of a preposition

① As the object of a verb phrase with a preposition        

dream of  Dream about ; Dream ; yearn ; consider ;        think of  consider ; Think of ; Yes … idea ; Yes … Comments ;        

look for  seek         speak of  talk about        look after        talk about

        The film which I am speaking of is a famous one.

         The film I mentioned is a very famous one

        The girl whom you are looking for is your classmate.

         The girl you are looking for is your classmate

Be careful ： In written language , You need to move the preposition in the attributive clause to the front of the conjunction

        The film of which I am speaking is a famous one.

        The girl for whom you are looking is your classmate.

② As a prepositional object of a fixed sentence pattern containing prepositions

be good at        be fond of  love , hobby ; Pain, ; To be seen ;       be interested in

        The subject which I am interested in is about making money.

         The topic I am interested in is about making money

        The man whom she is afraid of is her father.

         The man she was afraid of was her father

Be careful ： In written language , You need to move the preposition in the attributive clause to the front of the conjunction

        The subject in which I am interested is about making money.

        The man of whom she is afraid is her father.

③ Preposition + which / whom A prepositional phrase          Make adverbial

in which        from whom        from which        on which        Prepositional phrases as adverbials

        [ Preposition + which / whom ( adverbial ) + Subject predicate object  ]

        This is the place in which I live.

         This is where I live

        [ Preposition + which / whom ( adverbial ) + Main system table  ]

        I have been to the country in which the singer is very popular.

         I have been to that country where singers are very popular

        [ Preposition + which / whom ( adverbial ) + Passive sentence  ]

        The hotel in which he was killed was famous before.

         The hotel where he was killed was famous

        [ Preposition + which / whom ( adverbial ) + there be ]

        Do you know the park in which there are many banana trees?

         Do you know the park with many banana trees ？

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[ Restrictive attributive clause / An unqualified attributive clause  ]

①  Restrictive attributive clause

        The restrictive attributive clause is the attributive clause above , Restrictive attributive clauses are used to modify nouns or pronouns , That is, the antecedent has the function of modifying or limiting

② An unqualified attributive clause

        The non finite attributive clause is not closely related to the antecedent , Attach instructions , It has no limiting effect , It is often used in written language , Often separate the main sentence with a comma

        Aunty Li, who called me just now, is an old friend of my mother's

         Aunt Li who called me just now is an old friend of my mother

It can be used which Modify the whole sentence before

        He has to work overtime every night, which he doesn't like.

         He works overtime every night , This is what he doesn't like