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浪涌冲击抗扰度实验(SURGE)-EMC系列 硬件设计笔记6
2022-07-28 05:23:00 【Tsd-Xu】
浪涌抗扰度在电子设备EMC测试时为必测项目,相对于其他抗扰度实验而言,浪涌显著特点为能量大,对设备造成的损害是不可逆的,对电子元件的损害是毁灭式的。在电路设计时,浪涌防护不得不考虑。
根据GB17626.5中规定,对于连接到对称通信线的端口(如RS485 RS422等),应使用10/700u组合波发生器,对于其他情况,特别是连接到电源线和短距离信号互连线的端口,应使用1.2/50us组合波发生器。


上图为两种组合发生器输出电流和电压波形。
浪涌防护器件常用的三种为:压敏电阻,气体放电管,瞬态抑制二极管(TVS)。
1:压敏电阻
优点:价格低,响应时间ns级,最大通容量大。
缺点:寄生电容高,钳位电压高。
寄生电容对于交流电路会形成不小的损耗和漏电,也会影响压敏电阻使用寿命。
2:气体放电管
优点:最大通容量大,寄生电容小,低至几PF。
缺点:响应时间在百ns,导通后维持电压低。
3:TVS
优点:响应时间快PS级,钳位电压低
缺点:最大通容量小。
典型应用电路:
1:压敏电阻与TVS并联使用
响应时间快,最大通容量大。响应时间取决于TVS响应时间。
2:压敏电阻与气体放电管串联
串联支路电容小,正常工作漏电流小,有效提升压敏电阻使用寿命,导通电压取决于气体放电管电压,压敏电阻阈值可适当降低,支路钳位电压就会降低,关断电压由压敏电阻决定,压敏限流,气体放电管关断,所以开通时气体放电管先开通,压敏电阻在导通,响应时间为两者之和,关断时压敏限流,气体放电管关断。
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