AI landing manufacturing: intelligent robots should have these four abilities

Reading guide ： This paper introduces the basic structure and intelligent characteristics of industrial robots .

author ： Jiang Mingwei

source ： big data DT（ID：hzdashuju）

Intelligent robot is a typical representative of intelligent products . An intelligent robot must have at least the following Three elements ： One is Perceptual elements , Used to understand the state of the surrounding environment ; Two is Movement elements , React to the outside world ; The third is Thinking elements , Information obtained from perceptual elements , Think about what kind of action to take .

People usually divide robots into three generations . The first generation is Programmable robots , This kind of robot can usually be programmed according to the operator , Complete some simple repetitive operations . This generation of robots is from 20 century 60 It was put into use in the second half of the s , At present, it has been widely used in industry .

The second generation is Perception robot , Also called adaptive robot , It was developed on the basis of the first generation of robots , Have the ability to perceive the surrounding environment to varying degrees .

The third generation robot has the ability to recognize 、 Reasoning 、 Intelligent mechanisms such as planning and learning , It can intelligently combine perception and action , Therefore, it can work in a non-specific environment , go by the name of Intelligent robot .

The fundamental difference between intelligent robot and industrial robot lies in , Intelligent robot has the ability of perception 、 distinguish 、 Judgment and planning functions , Therefore, machine intelligence can be divided into two levels , One is to have perception 、 distinguish 、 Understanding and judgment functions , Second, it has the function of summarizing experience and learning .

Intelligent robots have different uses , The structure and functions of the system are also very different , Here we will only introduce the basic structure and intelligent characteristics of industrial robots . chart 2.3 It is the basic composition of intelligent robot .

▲ chart 2.3 The basic composition of intelligent robot

01 Environmental awareness

The most remarkable intelligent feature of intelligent robot is its external and internal perception .

Perception of external environment Realized by external perception system , The system consists of a series of external sensors （ Including vision 、 auditory 、 Tactile sensation 、 Proximity 、 Force sensing and infrared 、 Ultrasound, laser, etc ） Conduct sensing information processing 、 Realize control and operation . These sensors include impact sensors 、 Far infrared sensor 、 Photosensitive sensors 、 Microphone 、 Photoelectric encoder 、 Pyroelectric sensor 、 Ultrasonic sensors 、 Continuous ranging infrared sensor 、 Digital compass 、 Temperature sensor, etc .

Internal perception system It is composed of a series of sensors used to detect the state of the robot itself , The position of each coordinate of each moving part of the robot can be monitored in real time 、 Speed 、 The acceleration 、 Pressure and trajectory, etc , And monitor the stress of each component 、 Balance 、 Temperature etc. .

The intelligent sensing system is composed of the information obtained by the external environment sensing system and the internal sensing system . More and more sensors are used in this system , Each kind of sensor has certain service conditions and sensing range , And it can also give information about part or the whole side of the environment or object , In order to use the sensor information effectively , It is necessary to integrate or fuse the sensor information in some form , Various forms of processing systems for different types of information are called sensor fusion .

Sensor fusion technology involves neural network 、 knowledge engineering 、 Fuzzy theory is waiting for information 、 New theories and methods in the field of detection and control .

02 Control

The system control ability of intelligent robot is determined by Intelligent control system Realization , The task of the system is based on the work instruction program of the robot and the signals fed back from the internal and external sensors , After knowledge base and expert system identification, different algorithms are applied to analyze and make decisions , And then send out control instructions , Control the robot to complete the specified motion and function .

If the robot does not have the information feedback feature , The control system of the robot is Open loop control system , And vice versa Closed loop control system . According to the control principle , Control system can be divided into program control system 、 Adaptive control system and artificial intelligence control system , And according to the form of control movement , The control system can be divided into point control system and continuous trajectory control system .

How to analyze and process these information and make correct control decisions , Need the support of expert system . The expert system interprets the data collected from the sensor , Derive the robot state description , Derive and predict possible outcomes from a given state , Through the evaluation of operation status , Diagnose possible faults of the system .

According to the objectives and constraints of the system design , Plan and design a series of actions , The difference between the monitoring results and the plan , Propose methods to maintain the correct operation of the system . The artificial intelligence system is combined with the traditional control method , Form the whole closed-loop control process , This requires a lot of knowledge 、 The rules 、 Algorithm 、 Pattern recognition and other technologies .

03 Learning ability

With the increasing demand for intelligent robots , The environment faced by robots is usually unpredictable , Unstructured environments become mainstream . In a complex and dynamic environment , If a robot wants to complete a complex task , Its learning ability is very important .

under these circumstances , Robots should constantly adjust themselves through learning according to the external environment and tasks they face , Extract useful information in the process of interacting with the environment , Make them gradually understand and adapt to the environment . Through learning, we can continuously improve the intelligent level of robots , So that it can cope with some unexpected situations , So as to make up for the possible deficiencies caused by designers in the design process .

therefore , Learning ability is one of the important abilities that a robot should have , It provides an effective guarantee for robots in complex and changeable environments in environmental understanding, planning and decision-making , So as to improve the operation efficiency of the whole robot system .

04 The ability to access the industrial Internet

Intelligent robots are like all intelligent products , In the future, it will become a terminal of the industrial Internet , Therefore, intelligent robots should have the ability to access the industrial Internet .

Using information physical fusion system （CPS） The principle of building communication module , Internal integration with intelligent control system , Collect all running states of the robot ; External access to the Internet through standard fieldbus and Ethernet card , Between robots , Between robot and logistics system 、 Integration between other application systems , Realize the integration between the physical world and the information world .

Intelligent IOT system breaks the boundary between traditional physical world and information system , Turn data into timely and useful information , Let users fully enjoy various resources in the virtual and real world .

This article is excerpted from 《 Intelligent manufacturing ：AI The way of landing manufacturing industry 》（ISBN：978-7-111-69931-6）, Issued under the authority of the publisher .

Extended reading 《 Intelligent manufacturing ：AI The way of landing manufacturing industry 》

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Recommended language ： This book starts with the evolution and development of artificial intelligence technology \ Artificial intelligence technology system from the perspective of artificial intelligence technology , Elaborate on mechanical and electrical products 、 R & D design 、 Operation and management 、 manufacturing 、 Customer service 、 Application in business decision-making , Manufacturing enterprises implement the strategy of artificial intelligence, etc . Give some directions and suggestions for the application of artificial intelligence technology in manufacturing industry .

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