How to learn automated testing in 2022? This article tells you

With the advent of artificial intelligence , Now automated testing has become a popular industry , To tell the truth , That is, in the face of salary , Overall, the salary is ideal , There is hope in taking care of his wife and children , So even if you have to learn more , It is difficult to imagine , There is also power to rush , Yes , Is so responsible .

Where do you start a thousand words ？

The first thing to say is the learning steps of automated testing

1. Do a manual test （ Knowledge of various tests ）

2. Learning programming languages

3. Study Web Basics

4. Learn automated testing tools

5. Learn the automated testing framework

6. Implement automated test cases

7. Develop automated testing tools

8. Develop an automated test framework

Second, you should know the difference between manual testing and automated testing , Learn to keep up with the team ~~

1、 Manual testing and automated testing are not opposites

Many people mistakenly think that with automated testing, there is no need for manual testing , Manual testing is better than automated testing , It's not . The two are not antagonistic , What means is efficient , By what means . Automated testing has developed for so many years , There is no substitute for manual testing .

2、 Characteristics of manual test cases

1） Good exception handling ability , Be able to verify whether the current step is implemented correctly through human logic judgment ;

2） Manual execution of use cases has a certain step jump ;

3） Manual test step by step tracking , Be able to pinpoint problems in detail ;

4） It is mainly used to detect functional defects ;

3、 Features of automated testing

The object to execute is a script , It can verify whether the current step is correctly realized through artificial logical judgment , There is a strong correlation between use case steps , It doesn't jump like manual test cases . In addition, it is also used to ensure that the main function of the product is correct and complete , Free testers from heavy work .

Can make better use of resources . Execute automated test cases at night . The test is portable and repeatable . Good test scripts often have good platform portability . Can bring software to market faster . Because automated testing saves a lot of time . However, automated testing requires a large amount of early investment , Moreover, the personnel must undergo strict training .

4、 The relationship between automated testing and manual testing

Automated testing cannot completely replace manual testing , The purpose of automated testing is only to free testers from the cumbersome and repetitive testing process , Put more time and energy into more valuable tests , For example, exploratory testing .

One 、 Automation tools ：

Web Automated test tool ：Selenium、QTP.

APP Automated test tool ：Appium、Uiautomator、monkeyrunner、 NetEase atx、 Test based on image recognition and comparison sikuli.

Interface automation ：rest-assured、requests、httprunner etc. .

Two 、 Automated test types

Testing static content

Static content testing is the simplest test , Used to verify static 、 constant ui The existence of elements , for example ：

1） Each page has the expected page title , This can be used to verify that the link points to an expected page ;

2） The home page of the application contains an image that should be at the top of the page ;

3） Whether each page of the website contains a footstep area to show the company's contact information 、 Privacy policy and trademark information, etc ;

4） The title text on each page uses

Labels? ？ Whether each page has the correct header text ？ You may need to （ It may not be necessary ） Automated testing of page content . If your website is not easily affected , It's enough to test the content manually . Suppose the location of your application file has moved , Then content testing is very valuable .

Test link

web A common mistake of the site is invalid links or links to invalid pages . Link testing involves individual links and verifying that the expected page exists . If static links don't change often , Then manual testing is enough . however , If your web designer often changes links or files are redirected from time to time , Link testing should be automated .

A functional test

In your app , You need to test the specific functions of the application , Some kind of user input is needed , And return some type of result , Usually a functional test involves multiple pages , A form based input page , It contains several input fields , Commit and cancel operations , And one or more corresponding pages . User input can be done through text input fields 、 Check box 、 The drop-down list , Or any other browser supported input .

Functional testing is usually the most complex type of testing that requires automated testing , But usually, and most importantly . A typical test is login , Register website account user account operation 、 Account settings change 、 Complex data retrieval operations and so on . Functional testing usually corresponds to the description of your application's features or designed usage scenarios .

Testing dynamic elements

Usually web page elements have unique identifiers , The element used to uniquely locate the page . Usually , The unique identifier is HTML Of the tag id Attribute or name Property to implement .

Ajax Test of

Ajax It's a technology that supports and dynamically changes user interface elements . Page elements can be changed dynamically , But you don't need the browser to reload the page , Such as animation ,RSS Source 、 Other real-time data updates, etc .

Ajax There are innumerable updates to enlarge the elements on the web page , The easiest way to do it is in Ajax Driver application , Data can be retrieved from the application server , Then display on the page , Instead of reloading the entire page , Only a small part of the page , Or only by reloading the element itself .

3、 ... and 、 Automated testing 12 A misunderstanding

1、 Automated software testing is the same as manual software testing

The skills required for automated testing are different from those required for manual testing .

Usually , Your project manager will be confused by those test tool sales , Think of automated software testing as simply pressing a recording button , Generate test scripts . In fact, it's not that simple .

It is very important to distinguish the skills required for automated testing from those required for manual testing . most important of all , Automated test engineers need to master software development skills , Manual testers who have not received any training , Or manual testers without programming background , There are many difficulties in implementing automated testing .

2、 Automated testing will immediately reduce the number of testers

Automated testing will not immediately reduce the number of testers by a large amount . Because we need to invest a certain amount of manpower to develop automation test script in the early stage of automation test , And gradually use automated test scripts in daily tests , Gradually reduce the time and number of manual testers engaged in repetitive labor . In order to shorten the development time of automated test scripts , We can consider outsourcing the development of automated test scripts to realize large-scale automated testing as soon as possible .

3、 Test automation is recording and playback

Just recording is not a valid automated script .

Many project managers still equate test automation with the use of recording and playback tools . As a matter of fact , Recorded scripts are usually non reusable scripts , The script is full of hard coded values , These values should be parameterized , Otherwise, the script is only applicable to one test case , The script should also include conditional judgment 、 Circulation and other structures , In order to enhance the flexibility of test scripts .

4、 Automated tests can't find bug

Automated testing doesn't directly look for bug, But by freeing the productivity of experienced test engineers , Free it from repeated regression tests , Engage in the research of new testing methods and means . Automated testing liberates testers' time and energy to indirectly find more 、 Deeper new bug, Improve the quality of the product to another level .

5、 Automated testing tools are “ universal ” Of

A lot of people hear about automated testing , I think that automated testing tools can complete all the testing work , From test planning to test execution to test result analysis , It doesn't need any human intervention . obviously , It's an ideal state , In reality, no testing tool has this ability , And there won't be . In reality, test design 、 Test cases , And some key test tasks still need human participation , That is to say, automated testing is the supplement to manual testing , It will never completely replace manual testing .

6、 Friends who like are paid a monthly salary 10W 了

Those who come in are friends who love testing , Lifting your precious golden hand backhand is a praise .

7、 Automated testing tools are easy to use

For this point , Many test engineers have the same wrong view , We think that testing tools can simply capture （ Recording ） Client operations generate scripts , And the script can be used for playback without editing . in fact , Automated testing is not that simple , Whether the captured operation is correct , And whether the script editing is reasonable will affect the test results . therefore , Automated testing requires more skills , More training is also needed .

8、 Automation can provide 100% test coverage

Not everything can be tested automatically . It's impossible to override all possible inputs , All possible combinations and paths .

Automated testing can increase the breadth and depth of testing , But still can't reach 100% Test coverage of , Because there is not enough time or resources .

9、 Forget the ultimate goal of the test ： find BUG

In automated testing , Also pay attention to the boundary value analysis 、 Equivalence class analysis 、 Risk based testing methods 、 Select the most appropriate test cases and other technologies to apply .

Usually during automated testing , We are all busy building automation frameworks and writing test scripts , But we often forget the original purpose of the test ： look for bug.

The project manager may hire the best automation developers to build the framework , Using the latest and best automatic development technology , Thousands of automated test scripts have been created . But if BUG Still missing , Those that should have been captured by automated test scripts BUG, The results were not captured , Then your automated test will still be considered a failure .

10、 All test cases can be automated

Not all test cases and test steps can be transformed into automated tests . In industries that invest more in automated testing , The automated test rate of some leading enterprises can reach 80% about , But there are still 20% The left and right test cases need to be carried out manually . Beyond seas , Usually when developing the first version of test cases , Develop automated test scripts synchronously , Therefore, the automatic test rate is generally higher than that of Chinese enterprises .

11、 Only performance testing needs to be automated

Automated testing is more than just performance testing , It is also widely used in functional test verification , In foreign countries, more than half of the automated test scripts are used for functional verification testing .

12、 Testing tools can be applied to all tests

Every automated testing tool has its application scope and available objects , So we can't think that an automated testing tool can meet all the requirements of testing . For different test purposes and test objects , You should choose the right testing tool to test it . In many cases , We need to use a variety of testing tools or develop automated testing framework to achieve the purpose of automated testing . Commercial and open source testing tools can be used for automated testing , But we need to be based on the characteristics of our products , Develop an automated test framework , Provide common test cases in the framework , Speed up testing , Achieve test case reuse , This is the way of test automation development in the future .

13、 Automated testing can find a lot of new defects

Finding more new defects should be the main purpose of manual testing , You can't expect automated testing to find more new defects . in fact , Automated testing is mainly used to find the original defects . Automated testing is used for regression testing , And a lot of new business tests rely more on manual tests .

After reading this article , Believe in the following two things , It will also be helpful to your self-improvement ：

1、 give the thumbs-up , Let more people see , At the same time, your recognition will encourage me to create more high-quality content .

2、 Make yourself stronger ： Think , If you want to do it in the testing industry for a long time , Your work experience and testing skills are definitely not enough , You need to improve , You need to enrich your technology stack ！ What are we waiting for? ！

This information , Do right 【 software test 】 For my friends, it should be more complete , This kind of learning materials also accompanied me through the most difficult journey , Hope it can help you too ！ Everything should be done as soon as possible ！ Check out .........