How to deploy the software testing environment?

Environment building is a necessary knowledge point for testers . The main reason is the following two considerations ：

In the interview , Testers are often asked how the environment of the project you are testing is deployed
In practice , Testers may also face the scenario of deploying their own test environment
If the interviewer asks questions about setting up the environment , Don't just answer "operation and maintenance personnel deployment" , This is obviously not the answer the interviewer wants to hear . There are two main aspects of the interview ：

1、 It's about whether the interviewee is familiar with the project environment
2、 Whether the common sense knowledge of server operation is well understood

So whether it's interview or application in practical work , We all need to know how to build the environment , Let's introduce ：

One 、 Let's take a look at the schematic diagram of the successful operation of the project
If the software system needs to run well , A stable and reliable environment is indispensable . Environment building is mainly to build the server . The general enterprise environment construction diagram is as follows ：

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Because the general corporate environment is widely used LNMP【L representative linux,N representative nginx,M representative mysql,P representative PHP】, The diagram above , We can simplify it to a simpler diagram , As shown below ：

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• client ： The user's entry terminal , Such as website , mobile phone app
• Server side ： A terminal that provides application services to users （ It's also the core of environment deployment ）

matters needing attention ：

• The figure above shows how to get familiar with the environment deployment by installing and running all the required services on one server
• In actual enterprises, different application services are often deployed to different servers to form server clusters （ In terms of safety and stability ）, The essence of the deployment process is the same

Two 、 Let's look at the role of the server
In the picture above Linux It's the server , It's something we rarely touch when we use software products . So for the sake of refuge, we are unfamiliar with him , Let's briefly introduce the server .
The server itself can be understood as some highly configured computers , And there is a professional server operating system （ It's usually linux System ）. In order to provide users with efficient services , Many application services need to be installed on the server （ It can be understood as some application software ）, And these applications and services often work together , To achieve user specific purposes .
In the actual project , Different projects often choose different application services according to their needs , But the basic role of common application services needs to be clarified .

3、 ... and 、 Take a look at the server components
It can be seen from the above figure that , In fact, environment deployment mainly refers to the installation and combination of the corresponding components of the server , That is, the composition of the server . To be familiar with the basic principles of project operation , You can get familiar with it by composing the basic components of the server .

• The basic skeleton ： It needs the basic support of hardware system and server operating system , for example LNMP Medium L-Linux ;

• Database application services ： Provide data storage record warehouse for the system used by users , for example LNMP Medium M-Mysql;

• web Application service ： It provides application services of visual interface display and resource forwarding for browser and other clients , for example LNMP Medium N-Nginx;

• System language environment ： The development language environment component corresponding to the system providing services , for example LNMP in P-Php ;

• Project package ： Source code package written by developers （ It's a software system that provides services for users ）, For example, the source code of our website ,app Source code, etc …

The above components of the server can realize the deployment of the basic test environment . The order of construction is generally as follows （ What you can introduce to the interviewer ）:

Premise ： Generally need linux Basic skills , Because most common service operating systems are linux System .

1、 Install basic application services , At least in linux Database services required for successful installation on the server, such as mysql、web Services such as nginx、 Develop language kits such as php etc.
2、 Upload the packaged project file package to the server , Modify the corresponding web Services and their associated configuration files （ This part is also the key, you can use the deployment manual or enterprise operation and maintenance personnel ）, Let the components work properly
3、 Check network routing and address configuration information , Verify the correctness of the system through the client

Four 、 The environment construction exercise paper is always light , Be sure to practice . If it's successful , No matter what the future work needs , Or the interview asked , I have a lot of confidence in my heart . Strongly recommend 3 A practical case of building environment （ If there is plenty of time , It is suggested that 3 Practice each project ）：

1、 adopt LNMP Environment deployment Zen Software ： Live video -《Linux Command actual combat Lnmp Build a Zen test environment 》

2、 Resume project _ stay Linux The cloud mall project of the upper part （ recommend ）《 How to be in linux Use in the environment Lnmp Deploy the test project 》

3、 Dark horse assault project video _ Test environment project deployment practice ( recommend )《 Hand in hand, you build LAMP Test environment deployment project 》

5、 ... and 、 Build successfully , Don't forget to look at the final summary of learning shortcuts ：
Skills support + Keep practicing = “ cattle X My God ”

First , Figure out the components of your project , There is a certain need for linux And database operation experience , I am relatively familiar with the composition of common server application services , The details of the deployment process can be determined by network or operation and maintenance personnel