Multipass Chinese document - setup driver

General catalogue （ To be translated and perfected ）

1. overview

2. course

3. Directions for use

   3.1 install Multipass

     3.1.1 be based on Linux

     3.1.2 be based on macOS

     3.1.3 be based on Windows

   3.2 Manage instances

     3.2.1 Create examples

     3.2.2 Modify instance

     3.2.3 Using examples

     3.2.4 Use the instance command alias

     3.2.5 Share data with instances

     3.2.6 Remove instance

   3.3 management Multipass

     3.3.1 Set the drive

     3.3.2 Use Multipass Service authorization agent

     3.3.3 Remote use Multipass

     3.3.4 Improve mount performance

     3.3.5 Use Packer pack Multipass Mirror image

     3.3.6 Set image interface

     3.3.7 Use different macOS terminal

   3.4 Troubleshoot problems

     3.4.1 Connection log

     3.4.2 Network troubleshooting

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How to set the driver

See also ： Driver

This document teaches how to select , Set up and manage Multipass Background driver . Multipass There are already flexible default settings , So this is just an optional step .

Content :

• Linux: Use libvirt
  • install libvirt
  • Switch Multipass Drive to libvirt
  • Use libvirt see Multipass example
  • Switch back to the default drive
• macOS: Use VirtualBox
  • Switch Multipass Drive to VirtualBox
  • Use VirtualBox see Multipass example
  • Use VirtualBox Set up Multipass Instance port forwarding
  • Use VirtualBox Set up Multipass Instance network bridging
  • Switch back to the default drive
• Windows: Use VirtualBox
  • install VirtualBox
  • Switch Multipass Drive to VirtualBox
  • Use VirtualBox see Multipass example
  • Use VirtualBox Set up Multipass Instance port forwarding
  • Switch back to the default drive

Linux: Use libvirt

Multipass stay Linux The default is qemu drive . If in VM After starting , You want more control , You can also use the pilot phase libvirt drive . This section will teach you how to use .

install libvirt

Execute the following command to install libvirt:

#  You need to use the same command according to your distribution 
$ sudo apt install libvirt-daemon-system

Switch Multipass Drive to libvirt

See also : stop, local.driver

First , allow Multipass Use local libvirt:

#  Connect to libvirt Interface / plug-in unit 
$ snap connect multipass:libvirt

then , Switch Multipass Drive to libvirt, function :

#  First you have to stop all instances 
$ multipass stop --all

#  And then let Multipass Use libvirt
$ sudo multipass set local.driver=libvirt

All your instances will be migrated and can be used directly .

️ You can still use multipass Agent and tray chart (tray icon), And whatever you are libvirt All configuration changes made are permanent . Although they are not Multipass command ( for example multipas info) It shows that

Use libvirt see Multipass example

You can go through 2 Used in two ways libvirt Check out the examples , Use virshCLI Or is it virt-manager GUI

Use virshCLI, The instance needs to be started , And then execute virsh list( For command reference, see man virsh):

$ virsh list
ID	Name				State
-------------------------------
1 unaffected-gyrfalcon  running

Another alternative , Use virt manager GUI,…

Switch back to the default drive

See also : stop, local.driver

Execute the following command to switch back to the default qemu drive :

#  Stop all instances again 
$ multipass stop --all

#  Cut back qemu drive 
$ sudo multipass set local.driver=qemu

This is also true. , Existing instances will be migrated .

️ This will make you lose your libvirt Any custom changes made on .

macOS: Use VirtualBox

Multipass stay Intel macOS The default is hyperkit drive , M1 macOS By default qemu drive . However , One option is to use VirtualBox.

Switch Multipass Drive to VirtualBox (macOS)

See also : stop, local.driver

Execute the following command to switch Multipass Drive to VirtualBox:

$ sudo multipass set local.driver=virtualbox

thereafter , All use multipass launch All instances started will be used in the background VirtualBox.

Use VirtualBox see Multipass example

Multipass Will root Identity running , So if you need to view VirtualBox Examples in , Or by VBoxManage command , You also need to get them to root Identity running . Run the following command to see VirtualBox Examples in :

$ sudo VirtualBox

also , If you need to list instances in the command line , perform :

$ sudo VBoxManage list vms
"primary" {
    395d5300-557d-4640-a43a-48100b10e098}

️ You can still use multipass Agent and system menu diagram (system menu icon), And whatever you are VirtualBox All configuration changes made are permanent . Although they are not Multipass command ( for example multipas info) It shows that

Use VirtualBox Set up Multipass Instance port forwarding

In order to expose the services running in the instance on your host , You can use VirtualBox Port forwarding rules , for example :

$ sudo VBoxManage controlvm "primary" natpf1 "myservice,tcp,,8080,,8081"

Then you can turn on , for example , [http://localhost:8081]/(http://localhost:8081), In the instance, the port 8080 The running service will be exposed .

Use VirtualBox Set up Multipass Instance network bridging

A subject of constant concern Multipass Point is network bridging . You can add a second network interface to the instance , And expose it to your physical network .

First , Stop instance :

$ multipass stop primary

Now find the network interface you want to bridge ( Find the character you want after the second colon ):

$ VBoxManage list bridgedifs | grep ^Name
Name:            en0: Ethernet
Name:            en1: Wi-Fi (AirPort)
Name:            en2: Thunderbolt 1
Name:            en3: Thunderbolt 2
...

Last , Give Way VirtualBox Use the second interface as " Parent " Use ( For more information on bridging, see VirtualBox Subject documents :

#  Don't touch.  --nic1,  because Multipass Using it 
$ sudo VBoxManage modifyvm primary --nic2 bridged --bridgeadapter2 en0

You can restart the instance again , Find the name of the new interface :

$ multipass start primary
$ multipass exec primary ip link | grep DOWN
3: enp0s8:  mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000

And configure the new interface – Ubuntu Use netplan Handle :

$ multipass exec -- primary sudo bash -c "cat > /etc/netplan/60-bridge-yaml" <<EOF network: ehernets: enp0s8: #  This is the interface name above  dhcp4: true dhcp4-overrides: #  It's a must  route-metric: 200 #  The default gateway is reserved for the first interface  version: 2 EOF
$ multipass exec primary sudo netplan apply

Last , Find the example given to you by deer IP:

$ multipas exec primary ip address show dev enp0s8 up
3: enp0s8:  mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:2a:5f:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.2.0.39/24 brd 10.2.0.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8
       valid_lft 86119sec preferred_lft 86119sec
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:5f55/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Tasks in all instances should now be available through physical network paths http://<ip>/ Use

Switch back to the default drive

See also : stop, local.driver

If you want to switch back to the default driver , function :

$ sudo multipass set local.driver=hyperkit

Use VirtualBox The created instance cannot be transferred , But you can always come back and find them .

Windows: use VirtualBox

Multipass stay Windows The default is hyperv drive . However , If you want to ( Or must ), You can take Multipass Virtual machine monitor used (hypervisor) Replace with VirtualBox.

Install VirtualBox

If you haven't installed , Just install VirtualBox. You'll find that You need to run as an administrator VirtualBox Installation package .

Switch Multipass Drive to VirtualBox

See also : stop, local.driver

You can let Multipass Use it ( Administrator privileges are also required ):

PS> multipass set local.driver=virtualbox

thereafter , all multipass launch The started instance will be used in the background VirtualBox.

Use VirtualBox see Multipass example

Multipass Will System Identity running , So if you need to view VirtualBox Examples in , Or by VBoxManage command , You have to pass PsExec -s function . Download and unzip the download folder PSTools.zip, Then, in the administrator permission PowerShell, function :

PS> & $env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\PSTools\PsExec.exe -s -i $env:VBOX_MSI_INSTALL_PATH\VirtualBox.exe

List instances in the command line :

PS> & $env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\PSTools\PsExec.exe -s $env:VBOX_MSI_INSTALL_PATH\VBoxManage.exe list vms
"primary" {
    05a04fa0-8caf-4c35-9d21-ceddfe031e6f}

️ You can still use multipass Agent and system menu diagram (system menu icon), And whatever you are VirtualBox All configuration changes made are permanent . Although they are not Multipass command ( for example multipas info) It shows that

Use VirtualBox Set up Multipass Instance port forwarding

In order to expose the services running in the instance on your host , You can use VirtualBox Port forwarding rules , for example :

PS> & $env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\PSTools\PsExec.exe -s $env:VBOX_MSI_INSTALL_PATH\VBoxManage.exe controlvm "primary" natpf1 "myservice,tcp,,8080,,8081"

Then you can turn on , for example , [http://localhost:8081]/(http://localhost:8081), In the instance, the port 8080 The running service will be exposed .

Switch back to the default drive

See also : stop, local.driver

See also : stop, local.driver

If you want to switch back to the default driver :

PS> multipass set local.driver=hyperkit

Use VirtualBox The created instance cannot be transferred , But you can always come back and find them .

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Link to the original text

How to set up the driver