Getting started with latex

---

Preface

The author is learning Latex Before , Searched a lot of learning Latex Methods , It is nothing more than two schools of systematics and non systematics , In fact, both sects have disadvantages , We should combine , Let's start with a basic concept , Then apply the template , Only in this way can we learn more efficiently

---

One 、LaTex What is it? ？

LaTeX It's based on ΤΕΧ The typesetting system of , Suitable for articles with strong structure . Mainly for Mathematics 、 Physics 、 Computer science , A system for academic publishing , The articles written are very uniform and symmetrical

Two 、LaTex And Word The main difference

1. Latex With annotation function , It is a system that composes documents through code , It is easier for developers to understand what they write .Word It doesn't have this function , The displayed content is what you wrote .
2. Latex Compared with the typesetting of Word More specification , And more tidy , When Word And Latex When there are corresponding templates , Want to destroy a Latex Templates are not simple , and Word The formwork is easy to be damaged , And convert it to PDF Sometimes there will be chaos .
3. Latex Inserting code blocks is relatively simple , and Word You need to reformat after inserting the code block in , It is a troublesome operation
4. Latex It is very friendly to insert formulas , The setting and writing of formulas are all realized by code ,Word It will be very laborious to write formulas in , besides , The number is not Word What I'm good at , You need to set the outline level manually , Is a more troublesome process
5. Latex Unfriendly to tables and drawings , Other software is needed to assist , And if teammates want to modify Latex For documents, you also need to see the notes , This process will waste a lot of time .

3、 ... and 、Latex Simple introduction

Because there are many online Latex Tutorial for environment installation , This article will not elaborate on how to install Latex And configuration environment , Directly from the simple Latex Getting started

1. General overview

Latex It is mainly divided into introduction area and text area .
The introduction area first needs to introduce a class , For global settings , You can also define some commands , If you need to use some custom symbols .
The code is as follows （ Example ）：

\documentclass[10pt]{
    article} 
% book,report,letter  There is an optional parameter in square brackets to indicate the basic font size 
\usepackage{
    ctex}

% The introduction area also defines the command , If you want to use some custom symbols in the body area 
\newcommand\degree{
    ^\circ}

\title{
    \heiti My First Document}
\author{
    \kaishu Ali Chen}
\date{
    \today}

Example of introduction area ：

The body area is the content area we need to edit , use begin And end Enter an environment , Inside is the name of the environment , There is one and only one document Environmental Science
The code is as follows （ Example ）：

\begin{
    document}
	\maketitle %letter There is no maketitle
	Hello World!
\end{
    document}

Example of body area ：

2. Font format

stay Latex in , There are five attributes of fonts , Respectively encode the font , Font family , HTTP: , Font shape , font size

1. Font family （ roman type , Sans serif fonts , Typewriter font ）

\textrm{
    Roman Family} \textsf{
    Sans Serif Family} \texttt{
    Typewriter Family}
	
\rmfamily Roman Family {
    \sffamily Sans Serif Family} {
    \ttfamily Typewriter Family}

2. HTTP: （ The thickness and width of the font ）

\textmd{
    Medium Series} \textbf{
    Boldface Series}
{
    \mdseries Medium Series}	{
    \bfseries Boldface Series}	

3. Font shape （ Erect , Italics , Pseudo italics , Small caps ）

	\textup{
    Upright Shape} \textit{
    Italic Shape}
	\textsl{
    Slanted Shape} \textsc{
    Small Caps Shape}
	{
    \upshape Uprigjt Shape}{
    \itshape Italic Shape}{
    \slshape Slanted Shape}{
    \scshape Small Caps Shape}

4. font size
   Here are just a few common size control commands , It works with the basic font size set in the introduction area , Work together

	{
    \tiny  Hello}\\
	{
    \small Hello}\\
	{
    \large Hello}\\
	{
    \huge  Hello}\\

A newcommand Command to set the basic font , Avoid too many commands in the body , It doesn't fit Latex The original meaning of , So we can set it like this in the introduction area

\newcommand{
    \myfont}{
    \textbf{
    \textsf{
    Fancy Text}}}

We only need to call in the body area myfont that will do .

3. Subtitles and common characters

We often set subtitles in the body , This will make our article more clear , Then we will combine common characters to set subtitles and show

1. Subheading
   We can use section And subsection Wait to set the outline level and complete the marking of the title

{
    \section{
     Blank symbols }}
	 May adopt quad Generate spaces , One quad produce 1em Width 
	 One qquad produce 2em Width 
	 One enspace produce 0.5em Width 
	 One hfill The command is used to achieve elastic length , Fill the whole line 
	 The first paragraph 
	\subsection{
     Paragraph character }
	\par  This command generates a new paragraph 
{
    \section{
    \ LaTex  Controller }}

2. character
Here are some common characters , There is no need to memorize , Just know how to use and see

	{
    \section{
    \ LaTex  Controller }}
	 The backslash is \textbackslash
	{
    \section{
     Typesetting symbols }}
	\S \P \dag \ddag \copyright \pounds
	{
    \section{
    \ Tex  Standard symbol }}
 	\LaTeXe{
    }
	{
    \section{
     quotes }}
	`` Left single quote '' Right single quotation mark 
	{
    \section{
     A hyphen }}
	- -- ---
	{
    \section{
     Non English characters }}
	\oe \OE \ae \AE \aa \AA
	{
    \section{
     stress mark }}
	\r{
    o} \t{
    o} \b{
    o} \c{
    o} \d{
    o}

3. Contents and chapters

{
    \tableofcontents} % Used to generate directories 
{
    \chapter{
     The introduction }}% Used to generate chapter outline 

4. Illustrations and tables

1. Introduction area preparation
   Want to quote illustrations , In the introduction area, you need to import these macros

\usepackage{
    graphicx}  % Introduce illustrations 
%  grammar  \includegraphics[< Options >]{
     file name }
%  Format :EPS,PDF,PNG,JPEG,BMP
\graphicspath{
    {
    figures/},{
    pics/}} % Pictures in the current directory figures Catalog ,pics Catalog 

2. illustrations
   There are other labels in the text area that need to be used to assist illustrations and tables
   Setting in the floating body will automatically label pictures or tables

\begin{
    figure} % Floating body environment 
	\centering % Center layout 
	\includegraphics[scale=0.3,height=2cm,width=2cm,angle=-45]{
    pic01}\\
	\caption{
    Aliforever} %caption Command to set the title of the picture 
\end{
    figure}

3. form

 Here is the exam form \ref{
    fig-profile}
	\begin{
    table}[htbp] %table Floating body environment 
	\centering % Center layout 
	\caption{
     The test }\label{
    fig-profile}% This is used for echo , As in the previous ref echo 
	\begin{
    tabular}{
    l||c |c |c |rp{
    1.5cm}|}% It can be used | Generate single vertical line or double vertical line ,p You can specify the width 
	\hline % This command generates table horizontal lines 
	 full name  &  Chinese language and literature  &  mathematics  &  Foreign Languages  &  remarks  \\
	\hline \hline
	 Zhang San  & 87 & 100 & 93 & good \\
	\hline
	 Li Si  & 88 & 75 & 87 & commonly \\
	\hline
	 Zhong Ting  & 58 & 65 & 47 & a make-up exam \\
	\hline
	\end{
    tabular}
	\end{
    table}

5. Mathematical formulas and symbols

Similar to the front , Want to introduce mathematical formulas and symbols , It is necessary to introduce these macros

\usepackage{
    amsmath}
\usepackage{
    amssymb}

1. The mathematical formula
   In line formulas can be used in three ways : Use dollar sign respectively $, parentheses , also math Environmental Science

	\section{
     In line formula }
	\subsection{
     Dollar symbol }
	change:$3+2=5$,and $2+3=5$
	\subsection{
     parentheses }
	change:\(3+2=5\),and \(2+3=5\)
	\subsection{
     Mathematical environment }
	change:\begin{
    math}
		3+2=5
	\end{
    math},and
	\begin{
    math}
		2+3=5
	\end{
    math}

2. The subscript

	\section{
     The subscript }
	\subsection{
     Superscript }
	$3x^{
    20}+5x+8=0$
	\subsection{
     Subscript }
	$a_0,a_1,a_2$

3. The Greek letter

\section{
     The Greek letter }
	$\alpha$
	$\beta$
	$\gamma$
	$\epsilon$
	$\pi$
	$\omega$
	$\Gamma$
	$\Delta$
	$\Theta$
	$\Pi$
	$\Omega$

4. Mathematical functions

    \section{
     Mathematical functions }
	$\log$
	$\sin$
	$\cos$
	$\arcsin$
	$\ln$\\
	$$\log5+\sin^230=\arctan55$$
	$\sqrt[4]{
    x}$

5. Fraction

	\section{
     Fraction }
	$3/4$
	$\frac{
    55}{
    66}$

6. The formula between lines

	\section{
     The formula between lines }
	\subsection{
     Dollar symbol }
	$$8+8=16$$
	\subsection{
     brackets }
	\[8+8=16\]
	\subsection{
    displaymath Environmental Science }
	\begin{
    displaymath}
		8+8=16
	\end{
    displaymath}
	\subsection{
     Automatic numbering formula equation}
	 Commutative law formula \ref{
    eq:commutaive}
	\begin{
    equation}
		a+b=c \\
		a*d=e \label{
    eq:commutaive}
	\end{
    equation}
	\subsection{
     Do not automatically number formulas equation*}

7. matrix
   Because the matrix is too complex , Here we only introduce the relatively simple matrix , It can be used

	\section{
     matrix }
	\subsection{
     Ordinary matrix }
	\[\begin{
    bmatrix}
		a_{
    11}^2&a_{
    12}^2\\
		0&a_{
    22}^3\\
	\end{
    bmatrix}\]
	\subsection{
     Omit the symbol }
	%\dots \vdots $\ddots$
	\[
	A = \begin{
    bmatrix}
		a_{
    11}&\dots &a_{
    1n}\\
		&\ddots &\vdots \\
		0&&a_{
    nn}
	\end{
    bmatrix}_{
    n\times n}
	\]

8. Multiline formula

	\section{
     Multiline formula } % With numbers  gather* Without number 
	\begin{
    gather}
		a+b = b+a \\
		ab ba \notag \\ %notag You can block numbers 
		ca ac
	\end{
    gather}
	\begin{
    align}
		x&=t+\cos t +1\\
		y&=2\sin t +1
	\end{
    align}
	\begin{
    equation}
	\begin{
    split}
		\cos 2x&=\cos 2x+\sin x +5\\
		&=2\cos x + 5
	\end{
    split}
	\end{
    equation}
	\begin{
    equation}
		D(x)=\begin{
    cases} % Implement piecewise functions 
			1,&\text{
     If } x \in \mathbb{
    Q};\\
			0,&\text{
     If } x \in \mathbb{
    R}\setminus\mathbb{
    Q};\\
		\end{
    cases}
	\end{
    equation}

summary

This paper introduces Latex To get started with , But if you want to use it well, you must rely on Latex Modify and correct the template , At the same time, consult relevant typesetting ideas to improve your typesetting ability . And finally attached is the mind map of this article , I hope it can help you get familiar with it quickly Latex The law of operation .