golang中Map的并发写入

原理

golang中的map不是线程安全的，所以在并发的情况下不能直接使用map。

反面例子

import (

    "strconv"

    "time"

)



var m = make(map[string]interface{})



func main() {

    testMap(m)

    time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)

}



func testMap() {

    go func() {

        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {

            name := "WangWu" + strconv.Itoa(i)

            writeMap(m, name, i)

        }

    }()

    go func() {

        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {

            name := "ZhuoQi" + strconv.Itoa(i)

            writeMap(m, name, i)

        }

    }()

}



func writeMap(m map[string]int, key string, val int) {

    m[key] = val

}

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运行时，会报错：

fatal error: concurrent map writes

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解决办法

1. Map加锁

package main



import (

    "fmt"

    "strconv"

    "sync"

    "time"

)

// 定义锁

var locker = &sync.RWMutex{}

var m = make(map[string]interface{})



func main() {

    testMap()

    time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)

    fmt.Println(m)

}



func testMap() {

    go func() {

        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {

            name := "WangWu" + strconv.Itoa(i)

            writeMap(name, i)

        }

    }()

    go func() {

        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {

            name := "ZhuoQi" + strconv.Itoa(i)

            writeMap(name, i)

        }

    }()

}



func writeMap(key string, val int) {

    locker.Lock()

    m[key] = val

    locker.Unlock()

}

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1. 使用sync.Map

package main



import (

    "fmt"

    "strconv"

    "sync"

    "time"

)



var m = sync.Map{}



func main() {

    testMap()

    time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)

    m.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {

        fmt.Println("map:", k, v)

        return true

    })

}



func testMap() {

    go func() {

        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {

            name := "WangWu" + strconv.Itoa(i)

            m.Store(name, i)

        }

    }()

    go func() {

        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {

            name := "ZhuoQi" + strconv.Itoa(i)

            m.Store(name, i)

        }

    }()

}

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