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导数、微分、偏导数、全微分、方向导数、梯度的定义与关系
2022-07-26 16:20:00 【InfoQ】
- 通过函数的极限定义出导数(以一元函数为例)
- 函数f(x)在点x0可微的充分必要条件是函数f(x)在点x0处可导
- 扩展到多元函数时,衍生出偏导数
导数
- 在直线运动场景中,若x表示时刻,y表示距离,函数f表示时间与距离的关系,那么导数的含义就是在时刻的瞬时速度
- 在直角坐标系中,表示一个曲线,导数的含义表示的是曲线在点处的切线的斜率
微分
可微微分微分与导数的关系
偏导数

- 偏导数就是曲面被平面所截得的曲线在点处的切线对轴的斜率
- 偏导数就是曲面被平面所截得的曲线在点处的切线对轴的斜率
全微分
可微分全微分可微分与偏导数关系
方向导数

方向导数与全微分的关系
梯度
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