报错：npm ERR code EPERM

1 完整错误

npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! syscall open
npm ERR! path D:NodeJS
ode_cache_cacache	mpbbab18e
npm ERR! errno EPERM
npm ERR! FetchError: Invalid response body while trying to fetch https://registry.npmjs.org/webpack: EPERM: operation not permitted, open 'D:NodeJS
ode_cache_cacache	mpbbab18e'
npm ERR!     at D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
ode_modulesminipass-fetchlibody.js:162:15
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.[nodeFromEdge] (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:1061:19)
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.[buildDepStep] (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:930:11)
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.buildIdealTree (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:216:7)
npm ERR!     at async Promise.all (index 1)
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.reify (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]
eify.js:149:5)
npm ERR!     at async Install.install (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pmlibinstall.js:170:5)
npm ERR!  FetchError: Invalid response body while trying to fetch https://registry.npmjs.org/webpack: EPERM: operation not permitted, open 'D:NodeJS
ode_cache_cacache	mpbbab18e'
npm ERR!     at D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
ode_modulesminipass-fetchlibody.js:162:15
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.[nodeFromEdge] (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:1061:19)
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.[buildDepStep] (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:930:11)
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.buildIdealTree (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:216:7)
npm ERR!     at async Promise.all (index 1)
npm ERR!     at async Arborist.reify (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]
eify.js:149:5)
npm ERR!     at async Install.install (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pmlibinstall.js:170:5) {
npm ERR!   code: 'EPERM',
npm ERR!   syscall: 'open',
npm ERR!   path: 'D:\NodeJS

ode_cache_cacache\tmp\7bbab18e’,
npm ERR! type: ‘system’,
npm ERR! requiredBy: ‘.’
npm ERR! }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! The operation was rejected by your operating system.
npm ERR! It’s possible that the file was already in use (by a text editor or antivirus),
npm ERR! or that you lack permissions to access it.
npm ERR!
npm ERR! If you believe this might be a permissions issue, please double-check the
npm ERR! permissions of the file and its containing directories, or try running
npm ERR! the command again as root/Administrator.
(base) PS F: utorial-frontendwebpackcode> npm i webpack webpack-cli --save-dev
npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! syscall open
npm ERR! path D:NodeJS
ode_cache_cacache mp71f2a33
npm ERR! errno EPERM
npm ERR! FetchError: Invalid response body while trying to fetch https://registry.npmjs.org/webpack: EPERM: operation not permitted, open ‘D:NodeJS
ode_cache_cacache mp71f2a33’
npm ERR! at D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
ode_modulesminipass-fetchlibody.js:162:15
npm ERR! at async Arborist.[nodeFromEdge] (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:1061:19)
npm ERR! at async Arborist.[buildDepStep] (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:930:11)
npm ERR! at async Arborist.buildIdealTree (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:216:7)
npm ERR! at async Promise.all (index 1)
npm ERR! at async Arborist.reify (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]
eify.js:149:5)
npm ERR! at async Install.install (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pmlibinstall.js:170:5)
npm ERR! FetchError: Invalid response body while trying to fetch https://registry.npmjs.org/webpack: EPERM: operation not permitted, open ‘D:NodeJS
ode_cache_cacache mp71f2a33’
npm ERR! at D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
ode_modulesminipass-fetchlibody.js:162:15
npm ERR! at async Arborist.[nodeFromEdge] (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:1061:19)
npm ERR! at async Arborist.[buildDepStep] (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:930:11)
npm ERR! at async Arborist.buildIdealTree (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]:216:7)
npm ERR! at async Promise.all (index 1)
npm ERR! at async Arborist.reify (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pm
[email protected]
eify.js:149:5)
npm ERR! at async Install.install (D:NodeJS
ode_modules
pmlibinstall.js:170:5) {
npm ERR! code: ‘EPERM’,
npm ERR! syscall: ‘open’,
npm ERR! path: ‘D:\NodeJS
ode_cache_cacache\tmp\671f2a33’,
npm ERR! type: ‘system’,
npm ERR! requiredBy: ‘.’
npm ERR! }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! The operation was rejected by your operating system.
npm ERR! It’s possible that the file was already in use (by a text editor or antivirus),
npm ERR! or that you lack permissions to access it.
npm ERR!
npm ERR! If you believe this might be a permissions issue, please double-check the
npm ERR! permissions of the file and its containing directories, or try running
npm ERR! the command again as root/Administrator.

2 错误详解

该错误发生在修改npm的全局安装路径之后，再执行npm install 包 -g或是npm install 包时发生，但是在管理员身份下运行cmd，均能执行成功。

2.1 修改npm全局安装：

1. 命令行：

   npm config set prefix "D:NodeJS
   ode_global"
   npm config set cache "D:NodeJS
   ode_cache"
   

   在C盘User/用户名/下有一个.npmrc的文件

2. 将上述node_global文件夹的路径加入环境变量

2.2 导致该安装问题的原因

没有管理员权限，无法在node_global和node_cache两个文件夹下进行一些必要的操作

2.3 修复方法

1. 删除用户下的.npmrc文件，即不改变全局安装的路径（不够好，本质问题仍没有解决，全局还是会安装在C盘）
2. 每次都用管理员身份运行命令行（不够方便，vscode 下的命令行默认也不是管理员身份运行的）
3. 直接修改node_global和node_cache文件夹的权限：
   1. 右键文件夹，打开属性，切换到安全选项卡
      
   2. 选择编辑，将没有打钩的位置全部打上钩（即将其它用户的权限设置为与管理员相同），应用即可。

3 运行测试

安装webpack测试，成功！
npm i webpack webpack-cli -g
npm i webpack webpack-cli --save-dev

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