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MBR Is the master boot record (Master Boot Record) English abbreviations , In traditional hard disk partition mode , The boot sector is the first sector of each partition , The primary boot sector is the first sector of the hard disk . In order to facilitate computer access to the hard disk , Divide the space on the hard disk into many blocks （ English name sectors, That's sector ）, Then assign an address to each block , Called logical block address .

stay MBR in , The size of the partition table is fixed , A total of... Can be set 4 Primary partitions , perhaps 0~3 Primary partitions +1 Extended partitions (n Logical partitions ), The extended partition cannot be formatted , stay MBR The logical block address in the partition table adopts 32 Bit binary number means , Therefore, a total of... Can be expressed 2^32（2 Of 32 Power ） A logical block address . If a sector size is 512 byte , that MBR The maximum partition capacity of the hard disk is only 2TB.

2） command

fdisk

function ： Partition tool

Format ：fdisk Hard disk device

Common options

-l View partition table

-s View partition block size

Interactive common options

m List instructions to help

p Look at the existing partition table

n New partition

d Delete partition

q Discard changes and exit

w Save changes and exit

3） example

View all sections

[email protected]:~# fdisk -l     # View all sections 

Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes    

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x9f8bacab



Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1  *         2048 100665343 100663296  48G 83 Linux

/dev/sda2       100667390 104855551   4188162   2G  5 Extended

/dev/sda5       100667392 104855551   4188160   2G 82 Linux swap / Solaris



Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors  #sdb Add a new hard disk , To be partitioned 

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

View partition block size

[email protected]:~# fdisk -s /dev/sda1   # View partition block size 

50331648

Create partitions

[email protected]:~# fdisk /dev/sdb



Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.



Device does not contain a recognized partition table.

Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4ec6e610.



Command (m for help):



Command (m for help): n    # Create a new partition , Input n Back carriage return 

Partition type

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)  # create primary partition 

   e   extended (container for logical partitions)  # Create extended partition 

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):1   # Set the primary partition number to 1, Input 1 Back carriage return 

First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):  # Select the starting sector , Press enter by default 

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G

# Set partition size , I'm going to set it to 10GB

Command (m for help): p   # Print partition table 

Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x4ec6e610



Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sdb1        2048 20973567 20971520  10G 83 Linux

# Newly created partition information

Command (m for help): w   # Save changes and exit

2、GPT Partition mode

1） summary

GPT yes GUID Partition Table （GUID Partition Table） English abbreviations , meaning “ Globally unique disk partition table ”, Is a physical hard disk partition table structure layout standard . stay GTP The first data block of the disk also has a connection with MBR（ Master boot record ） Similar marks , be called PMBR.PMBR The role of is , When used, it does not support GPT When using the partition tool , The entire hard disk will appear as a protected partition , It has its own partition table , namely GPT Partition table .

GPT Partition ratio of MBR More advanced , Because in GPT The maximum number of partitions that can be customized in the partition header , in other words GPT Partition table size is not fixed . Maximum support 128 Primary partitions , The biggest support 18EB disk （1EB=1024 PB=1024 x1024 TB）,GPT The logical block address in the partition adopts 64 Bit binary number means , Besides ,GPT The partition has a backup partition table at the end of the hard disk , It ensures that partition information is not easy to lose .

2） command

parted

function ： Partition tool

Format ：parted Hard disk device

Interactive common options

help View instruction help

mktable msdos | gpt Create the specified schema partition table

mkpart primary File system type

print View partition table

rm Deletes the specified partition

quit Exit the interactive environment

3） example

Create partitions

[email protected]:~# parted /dev/sdc

(parted) mkpart

File system type?  [ext2]? ext4  # Select file type 

Start? 0%    # Specify size or percentage as starting position 

End? 10%    # Specify size or percentage as end position

(parted) print    # View partition table 

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: sun

Disk Flags:



Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags

 1      14MB  2147MB  1933MB  ext4

(parted) quit    # Exit the interactive environment

3、 ... and 、 Identify partition table

1、 summary

When the partition table of the hard disk is changed , The change of partition table shall be notified in time Linux kernel , have access to partprobe command , Identify the new partition table , Or restart the system . Otherwise, the exact device may not be found when accessing the partition .

2、 command

partprobe

function ： Tell the kernel to recognize the new partition table

Format ：partprobe Hard disk

3、 example

[email protected]:~# partprobe /dev/sdb

Four 、 format partition

1、 command

mkfs

function ： format partition

Format ：mkfs Toolset Partition device path

2、 Common toolsets

mkfs.ext3 Partition device path

mkfs.ext4 Partition device path

mkfs.xfs Partition device path

mkfs.vfat Partition device path

3、 example

format partition , Create file system

[email protected]:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1   # Here, select format as ext4 file system 

mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)

Creating filesystem with 2621440 4k blocks and 655360 inodes

Filesystem UUID: 2ab7bed1-15cd-4209-a862-90f5dbf8740d

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632



Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

5、 ... and 、 Mount partition

1、 Use mount Command mount partition

notes ： Interested bloggers can pay attention to the following article , In detail

Command line Basics - Mount section _Passerby_Wang The blog of -CSDN Blog _ Command to mount the device One 、 Definition 2 、 Manually mount three 、 Uninstall four 、 Automatically mount （/etc/fstab）https://py-wang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/122219145?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

2、 example

[email protected]:~# mkdir /opt/wangwu   # Create directory wangwu

[email protected]:~# mount /dev/sdb1 /opt/wangwu   

# The formatted partition /dev/sdb1  Mount to /opt/wangwu Catalog

6、 ... and 、 View partition usage

1、 Use df Command to check partition usage

2、 command

function ： Check the disk space usage of the file system

Format ：df [ Options ] [ file ]

3、 Common options

-a List of all file systems

-h Easy to read display

-T Show file system type

4、 example

[email protected]:~# df -Th

Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sdb1      ext4      9.8G   23M  9.2G   1% /opt/wangwu

7、 ... and 、 Power on auto mount

1、 Writing configuration files /etc/fstab, Realize automatic mount after power on

notes ： Interested bloggers can pay attention to the following article , In detail

2、 example

[email protected]:~# vim /etc/fstab   # Modify the configuration file 

/dev/sdb1   /opt/wangwu      ext4      defaults    0        0

 Device path        Mount point        file type       Parameters     Backup flag   Detection sequence

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