NFS Shared storage service installation

One .NFS summary

1. summary

NFS It's based on TCP/IP Transport network file system protocol . By using NFS agreement , The client can access the shared resources in the remote server just like accessing the local directory
NAS Storage : NFS The implementation of a service depends on RPC (Remote Process Call, Remote procedure call ) Mechanism , Mapping to the local process .
stay Centos 7 In the system , Need to install nfs-utils、 rpcbind Software package to provide NFS Shared services , Former used NFS Share publishing and access , The latter is used RPC Support .
Manual loading NFS When sharing services , It should be started first rpcbind, Restart nfs.
nfs port ：2049
RPC port ：111

2. characteristic

use TCP/IP Transfer network files
Low security
Easy to operate
Suitable for LAN environment

Two .NFS working principle

NFS The server can make PC The NFS The directory shared by the server is mounted to the local file system , And in the local system , The directory of the remote host is like a partition of its own , It's quite convenient to use ;

2.1NFS Workflow

1. First, the server starts RPC service , And open 111 port
2. Server side start NFS service , And to RPC Register port information
3. The client starts RPC（portmap service ）, To the server RPC(portmap) Service request server side NFS port
4. Server side RPC(portmap) Service feedback NFS Port information to client .
5. The client obtains the NFS Port to create and service side of NFS Connect and transfer data .

2.2 Mounting principle

When we're in NFS After the server has set up a shared directory , Others have access to NFS Server's NFS The client can mount this directory to a mount point of its own file system , This mount point can be defined by itself .

After the installation, we can see all the data of the server locally .

3、 ... and .NFS Service deployment

3.1 Server side configuration

# 1. Check and install the software 
rpm -q rpcbind nfs-utils
yum install -y rpcbind nfs-utils

# 2. Create shared directory 
# NFS Configuration file for , The default file content is empty （ No sharing ）
vi /etc/exports
#  Set up /share/data For shared directory , allow 192.168.10.0 The network segment IP Address host access 
/share/data 192.168.10.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

#  Configuration parameters 
 Common options   describe 
rw  Allow read and write 
ro  read-only 
sync  Synchronous write 
async  Write buffer first , Write to disk if necessary , Fast , But you lose data 
subtree_check  If you output a subdirectory , be nfs The service will check its parent directory permissions 
no_subtree_check  If you output a word Directory , Do not check the parent directory , Increase of efficiency 
no_root_squash  The client to root Login time , Give it local root jurisdiction 
oot_squash  The client to root Login time , Map it to an anonymous user 
all_squash  Map all users to anonymous users 


# 3. Start the service 
#  Be sure to turn it on first rpcbind service 
systemctl start rpcbind  
#  If the service has been started , After changing the configuration information, you need to restart the service 
systemctl start nfs      

#  Check out the detailed nfs Information 
exportfs -v 
#  Reread profile 
exportfs -r 

#  Check out the NFS share directory 
showmount -e 

#  Check port monitoring 
# netstat -ntlp|grep -E '^Proto|111|2049'
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:2049            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4600/rpcbind
tcp6       0      0 :::2049                 :::*                    LISTEN      -
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      4600/rpcbind

#  Add firewall 
firewall-cmd --add-service rpc-bind --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service mountd --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service nfs --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service nfs3 --permanent

#  If you need to cancel the open service , Carry out orders ：
firewall-cmd --remove-service=rpc-bind --permanent
firewall-cmd --remove-service=mountd --permanent
firewall-cmd --remove-service=nfs --permanent
firewall-cmd --remove-service=nfs3 --permanent

#  service iptables restart 
firewall-cmd --reload
#  View the list of open services 
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-service

3.2 Client configuration

1. Check and install the software

#  Client installation nfs, Used to verify that the shared directory is available , But there is no need to start the service 
rpm -q rpcbind nfs-utils 
yum install -y rpcbind nfs-utils

2. Mount the shared directory locally

#  see IP Address published NFS share directory 
showmount -e +IP 
showmount -e 192.168.10.6

#  see rpc Registered port information 
rpcinfo -p ip 
showmount -e 192.168.10.6

#  take NFS Server side 192.168.10.6 Under the /share/data Mount to /data Next 
mkdir /data
mount -t nfs 192.168.10.6:/share/data /data

#  View the mount 
df -Th

#  Remove mount 
umount /data

#  Automatically mount on startup 
vi /etc/fstab
192.168.10.6:/share/data /data nfs defaults 0 2

3.3 Service Testing

#  File test , Files created on the client , On the server side, you can see , Deployment success .
vi 1.txt

#  Performance testing 
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1000