SaltStack之salt-ssh

1. salt-ssh介绍

salt-ssh可以让我们不需要在受控机上安装salt-minion客户端也能够实现管理操作。

1.1 salt-ssh的特点

• 远程系统需要Python支持，除非使用-r选项发送原始ssh命令
• salt-ssh是一个软件包，需安装之后才能使用，命令本身也是salt-ssh
• salt-ssh不会取代标准的Salt通信系统，它只是提供了一个基于SSH的替代方案，不需要ZeroMQ和agent

请注意，由于所有与Salt SSH的通信都是通过SSH执行的，因此它比使用ZeroMQ的标准Salt慢得多

1.2 salt-ssh远程管理的方式

salt-ssh有两种方式实现远程管理，一种是在配置文件中记录所有客户端的信息，诸如 IP 地址、端口号、用户名、密码以及是否支持sudo等；另一种是使用密钥实现远程管理，不需要输入密码。

2. salt-ssh管理

在 master 上安装 salt-ssh

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install salt-ssh

2.1 通过使用用户名密码的SSH实现远程管理

修改配置文件，添加受控机信息

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
....此处省略N行
node1:
  host: 192.168.91.134
  user: root
  passwd: amu123

[[email protected] ~]# salt-ssh 'node1‘ test.ping
node1:
    ----------
    retcode:
        10
    stderr:
        ERROR: Unable to locate appropriate python command
    stdout:
        ERROR: Python version error. Recommendation(s) follow:
        - Install Python 3 on the target machine(s)
        - You can use ssh_pre_flight or raw shell (-r) to install Python 3	// 需要安装python3

// 安装python3
[[email protected] ~]# salt-ssh -r 'node1' 'yum -y install python3'

[[email protected] ~]# which python3
/usr/bin/python3

// 安装完之后在测试
[[email protected] ~]# salt-ssh 'node1' test.ping
node1:
    True

测试连通性

// 第一次ping的时候他会问你是否要继续连接
[[email protected] .ssh]# ls
known_hosts

[[email protected] .ssh]# ls
known_hosts
[[email protected] .ssh]# rm -f known_hosts 

[[email protected] .ssh]# salt-ssh 'node1' test.ping
node1:
    ----------
    retcode:
        254
    stderr:
    stdout:
        The host key needs to be accepted, to auto accept run salt-ssh with the -i flag:
        The authenticity of host '192.168.91.134 (192.168.91.134)' can't be established.
        ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Nz8CAwwL3HRh/Lvqejqa+eiV3A09xGYYfG2A/W8wRPs.
        ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:8c:b3:22:14:7a:8a:bc:34:f9:9d:3c:3a:07:8a:96:20.
        Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

从上面的信息可以看出，第一次访问时需要输入 yes/no ，但是 saltstack 是不支持交互式操作的，所以为了解决这个问题，我们需要对其进行设置，让系统不进行主机验证。

[[email protected] .ssh]# vim ~/.ssh/config
StrictHostKeyChecking no

[[email protected] .ssh]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping
node1:
    True

2.2 通过salt-ssh初始化系统安装salt-minion

安装 salt-ssh

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install salt-ssh

修改roster配置文件，添加受控主机

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
....此处省略N行
node1:
  host: 192.168.91.134
  user: root
  passwd: amu123

测试连通性

[[email protected] ~]# salt-ssh 'node1' test.ping
node1:
    True

执行状态命令，初始化系统，安装salt-minion

[[email protected] ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/init/
[[email protected] init]# ls
basepkgs   history   postfix      sshd     yum
chrony     kernel    salt-minion  sudo
firewalld  main.sls  selinux      timeout

// 准备工作
[[email protected] init]# cd salt-minion/
[[email protected] salt-minion]# 
[[email protected] salt-minion]# ls
files  main.sls
[[email protected] salt-minion]# vim main.sls 
include:
  - init.yum.main

salt-minion:
  pkg.installed

/etc/salt/minion:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/salt-minion/files/minion.j2
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: '0644'
    - template: jinja
    - require:
      - pkg: salt-minion

salt-minion.service:
  service.running:
    - enable: true
    - reload: true
    - watch:
      - file: /etc/salt/minion

// 开始安装
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl status salt-minion
Unit salt-minion.service could not be found.

[[email protected] ~]# salt-ssh 'node1' state.sls init.salt-minion.main

// 查看安装情况
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl status salt-minion
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.servi>
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-11-29 17:19:08 CS>
     Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
           file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
           https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.ht>
 Main PID: 77393 (salt-minion)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 4743)
   Memory: 50.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
           ├─77393 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           └─77429 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion

Nov 29 17:19:07 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Salt Minion...
Nov 29 17:19:08 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Salt Minion.

// 查看key
[[email protected] ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1
Rejected Keys:

// 接受所有key
[[email protected] ~]# salt-key -yA
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1
Key for minion node1 accepted.

[[email protected] ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
node1
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:

// 进行ping通测试
[[email protected] ~]# salt 'node1' test.ping
node1:
    True