Software testing concepts

Q & A Review

About the last part , There are three main problems

1. What is software testing

Testers verify whether the functions of the software meet the needs of users

2. The difference between software testing and software development

software development : The breadth of professional skills is small , But the professional degree is relatively high

software test : A wide range of skills is required , But the professional degree is relatively low

How easy it is : software development difficult software test

Responsibility and pressure : almost

3. The difference between software testing and software debugging

Purpose level ：

Software debugging ： The programmer verifies that the software does what he wants it to do （ Own perspective ）

software test ： The tester verifies whether the software meets the user's requirements （ User's perspective ）

role

Software debugging ： Developer

software test ： Testers + Developer （ White box testing , Code related ）

Stage

Software debugging ： The development phase

software test ： Throughout the whole process of software development , There are software tests everywhere

Measuring the results of software testing — demand

Concept of demand

A document that meets user expectations or regulations （ contract , standard , standard ） Conditions or permissions required . It includes user requirements and software requirements .

User requirements are detailed ;

Software requirements are the refinement of user requirements , Specific implementation details , Document .

Software requirements are transformed from user requirements .

Requirements are the basis for software testing

Validation requirements , Ensure that the requirements are correct and achievable . Refine requirements , Propose test items one by one from the requirements total --> branch –> branch

The test case

The test case It is a set of collections initiated to the system under test , Include Test environment , Test data , testing procedure , Expected results （ Importance , Function module 、 Whether to manually prioritize , Mode of operation , Title, etc. ）

Case study :

The test case :

Correct user name : 123456789

The right password : 1234567

Use the above correct user name and password to log in to Netease mailbox , Login successful

title : The correct user name and password can successfully log in to Netease mailbox

Test environment : win10 Chrome edition 102.0.5005.115（ Official version ） （64 position ）

Test data : user name : 123456789 password : 1234567 ( Correct user name and password )

testing procedure : 1. Open Google browser , Input url : https://mail.163.com/

​ 2. Enter your username and password

​ 3. Click the login button (enter), Trigger login

Expected results : Login successful , Page Jump

What is? BUG

If and only if the software requirements specification exists and is reasonable , The function of the software does not conform to the requirements specification , It's a software error (BUG)****

If the software requirements specification does not exist , The needs of users exist and are reasonable , The function of the software does not conform to that of the user , It's a software error

The stage of software testing ： The whole software development life cycle , Demand stage intervention

The life cycle of software development

The process of software from scratch

​ Demand analysis ----- plan ------- Design ------- coded ------- test -------- Operation and maintenance

Develop five models

Waterfall model

characteristic ： Each stage is relatively independent , Serial , Pay attention to early demand analysis , Later system test

shortcoming ：

1. Test intervention late , Lead to problems in the early stage of software , It was found in the later test stage , Lose the opportunity to correct mistakes when they happen , Lost the opportunity of error remedy .
2. Not responding to changes in demand .

Spiral model

Suitable for large projects , complex , High risk projects

characteristic ： Pay attention to quality management , Risk analysis will be carried out in each iteration

shortcoming ： Human resources are invested in risk analysis , resources , Administration cost , The high cost

Incremental model

A system , Finish... In two weeks A、B、C、D Four modules , In the first week A、B modular , In the second week C、D modular

Iteration module

A system , Finish... In two weeks A、B、C、D Four modules , To complete ABCD Basic function , When completing more complex functions

The incremental / Common features of iteration ： Strong anti risk ability

Agile model

Agile Manifesto

characteristic ： Light document , Light process , Heavy target , Re output , Response variation

Classic agile processes ：scrum technological process

role ：

PO ：product owner The product manager , Responsible for collecting requirements , Turn into user story

SM ：scrum master Responsible for ensuring the implementation of the whole agile process ;（ Opening meeting , Assigned tasks ）

ST ： R & D personnel with various skills , test , Research and development ,UI

Release planning meeting ：PO Collect requirements to form user story Explain , Prioritize , Find out what constitutes this iteration with high priority , formation sprint backlog

Iteration planning meeting ：SM and ST The personnel analyze the requirements of this iteration together , Task allocation and time estimation , hold user story Break down the tasks one by one , Assign developers , Make a development plan

Daily station will ： What did you do yesterday , Problems encountered , Today's plan

Product presentation ： To Party A , The user demonstrates the product , Sort out the deficiencies and the modification suggestions put forward by the customer into user story, To the next iteration

Review planning meeting ： Review the entire iteration process , Find out the deficiencies , Improve again in the next iteration , Optimize the iterative process

Software test model

V Model

characteristic :

Each stage on the left corresponds to each stage on the right

Each stage is highly independent

Each stage on the left is the basis of the test stage on the right

A variation of the waterfall model

shortcoming

Test after compilation , Test intervention late , Mistakes in the early stage will be found later , Lose the opportunity to correct mistakes in time

W Model

characteristic :

double V Model , To develop a V, Software testing one V

The process of software development and software testing are carried out simultaneously

Ensure that problems in the early stage of the project can be found in time

shortcoming :

Each stage is a serial process , After each stage is completed, the next stage will be entered , Agile development is not supported .