Detailed explanation of curl command

To quote ：https://www.cnblogs.com/fan-gx/p/12321351.html

• CURL send out POST request

curl -H “Content-Type: application/json” -X POST -d ‘{“user_id”: “123”, “coin”:100, “success”:1, “msg”:“OK!” }’ “http://192.168.0.1:8001/test”

Parameters Content
-H Request header
-d POST Content
-X Request protocol

brief introduction
curl Is a common command line tool , Used to request Web The server . Its name is client （client） Of URL Tool means . It's very powerful , There are dozens of command line parameters . If you are skilled , It can completely replace Postman This kind of GUI tool .

-A

-A Parameter specifies the client's user agent header , namely User-Agent.curl The default user agent string for is curl/[version].

$ curl -A ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36’ https://google.com

The above order will User-Agent Change to Chrome browser .

$ curl -A ‘’ https://google.com

The above command will remove User-Agent header .

It can also be done through -H Parameter specifies the header directly , change User-Agent.

$ curl -H ‘User-Agent: php/1.0’ https://google.com

-b

-b Parameter to send... To the server Cookie.

$ curl -b ‘foo=bar’ https://google.com

The above command generates a header Cookie: foo=bar, Send a message to the server called foo、 The value is bar Of Cookie.

$ curl -b ‘foo1=bar;foo2=bar2’ https://google.com

The above command sends two Cookie.

$ curl -b cookies.txt https://www.google.com

The above command reads the local file cookies.txt, It's set by the server Cookie（ See -c Parameters ）, Send it to the server .

-c

-c Parameter sets the server to Cookie Write a file .

$ curl -c cookies.txt https://www.google.com

The above command will send the HTTP Respond to the set Cookie Write text file cookies.txt.

-d

-d Parameters are used to send POST Requested data body .

$ curl -d’login=emma＆password=123’-X POST https://google.com/login

perhaps

$ curl -d ‘login=emma’ -d ‘password=123’ -X POST https://google.com/login

Use -d After the parameters ,HTTP The request will be automatically header Content-Type : application/x-www-form-urlencoded. And will automatically turn the request to POST Method , Therefore, it can be omitted -X POST.

-d Parameter can read the data of the local text file , Send to server .

$ curl -d ‘@data.txt’ https://google.com/login

The command above reads data.txt The content of the document , Send... As data body to the server .

–data-urlencode

–data-urlencode The parameter is equal to -d, send out POST Requested data body , The difference is that the data will be sent automatically URL code .

$ curl --data-urlencode ‘comment=hello world’ https://google.com/login

In the above code , Data sent hello world There is a space between , Need to carry out URL code .

-e

-e Parameter to set HTTP Header for Referer, Indicates the source of the request .

curl -e ‘https://google.com?q=example’ https://www.example.com

The above order will Referer Header set to https://google.com?q=example.

-H Parameters can be added directly by header Referer, Achieve the same effect .

curl -H ‘Referer: https://google.com?q=example’ https://www.example.com

-F

-F Parameters are used to upload binaries to the server .

$ curl -F ‘[email protected]’ https://google.com/profile

The above order will give HTTP Request with header Content-Type: multipart/form-data, Then put the file photo.png As file Field upload .

-F Parameters can be specified MIME type .

$ curl -F ‘[email protected];type=image/png’ https://google.com/profile

The above order specifies MIME The type is image/png, otherwise curl Will be able to MIME The type is set to application/octet-stream.

-F Parameter can also specify the filename .

$ curl -F ‘[email protected];filename=me.png’ https://google.com/profile

In the above command , The original file name is photo.png, But the file name that the server received was me.png.

-G

-G Parameters are used to construct URL The query string for .

$ curl -G -d ‘q=kitties’ -d ‘count=20’ https://google.com/search

The above command will issue a GET request , Actually requested URL by https://google.com/search?q=kitties&count=20. If omitted –G, It will send out a POST request .

If the data requires URL code , Can combine –data–urlencode Parameters .

$ curl -G --data-urlencode ‘comment=hello world’ https://www.example.com

-H

-H Parameter add HTTP Request header .

$ curl -H ‘Accept-Language: en-US’ https://google.com

The above command adds HTTP header Accept-Language: en-US.

$ curl -H ‘Accept-Language: en-US’ -H ‘Secret-Message: xyzzy’ https://google.com

The above command adds two HTTP header .

$ curl -d ‘{“login”: “emma”, “pass”: “123”}’ -H ‘Content-Type: application/json’ https://google.com/login

The above command adds HTTP The request header is Content-Type: application/json, And then use -d Parameter sending JSON data .

-i

-i Parameters print out the response of the server HTTP header .

$ curl -i https://www.example.com

When the above command receives a response from the server , First output the header of the server response , Then leave a blank line , Then output the source code of the web page .

-I

-I Parameter to the server HEAD request , It will return the server HTTP The header is printed .

$ curl -I https://www.example.com

The above command outputs the server pair HEAD A response to a request .

–head The parameter is equal to -I.

$ curl --head https://www.example.com

-k

-k Parameter specifies to skip SSL testing .

$ curl -k https://www.example.com

The above command will not check the server SSL Is the certificate correct .

-L

-L Parameters will make HTTP Request follow server redirection .curl Default does not follow redirection .

$ curl -L -d ‘tweet=hi’ https://api.twitter.com/tweet

–limit-rate

–limit-rate Used to restrict HTTP Bandwidth of requests and responses , Simulate slow network speed environment .

$ curl --limit-rate 200k https://google.com

The above command limits the bandwidth to... Per second 200K byte .

-o

-o Parameter to save the response of the server as a file , Equate to wget command .

$ curl -o example.html https://www.example.com

The above order will www.example.com Save as example.html.

-O

-O Parameter to save the server response as a file , And will URL The last part of is the file name .

$ curl -O https://www.example.com/foo/bar.html

The above command saves the server response as a file , The file named bar.html.

-s

-s Parameters will not output error and progress information .

$ curl -s https://www.example.com

Once the above command is wrong , No error messages will be displayed . If there is no mistake , The operation result will be displayed normally .

If you want to let curl No output , You can use the following command .

$ curl -s -o /dev/null https://google.com

-S

-S Parameter specifies that only error messages are output , Usually with -s Use it together .

$ curl -s -o /dev/null https://google.com

The above command has no output , Unless something goes wrong .

-u

-u Parameter is used to set the user name and password of server authentication .

$ curl -u ‘bob:12345’ https://google.com/login

The above command sets the user name to bob, The password for 12345, Then turn it into HTTP header Authorization: Basic Ym9iOjEyMzQ1.

curl Able to identify URL The user name and password inside .

$ curl https://bob:[email protected]/login

The above command can recognize URL The user name and password inside , Turn it into the HTTP header .

$ curl -u ‘bob’ https://google.com/login

The above command only sets the user name , After execution ,curl The user will be prompted to enter the password .

-v

-v The whole process of parameter output communication , For debugging .

$ curl -v https://www.example.com

–trace Parameters can also be used for debugging , It also outputs raw binary data .

$ curl --trace - https://www.example.com

-x

-x Parameter assignment HTTP The requested agent .

$ curl -x socks5://james:[email protected]:8080 https://www.example.com

The above order specifies HTTP Request by myproxy.com:8080 Of socks5 Sent by agent .

If no agency agreement is specified , The default is HTTP.

$ curl -x james:[email protected]:8080 https://www.example.com

In the above command , The requested agent uses HTTP agreement .

-X

-X Parameter assignment HTTP Requested method .

$ curl -X POST https://www.example.com

The order is right https://www.example.com issue POST request .