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WSL 自动更新 ip hosts 文件
2022-06-10 23:56:00 【码道人】
这篇笔记已经写了一年了，起初是在使用 WSL 时，因为需要链接 WSL 里面的 XRDP 图形界面，但是，WSL 的 ip 每次重启的时候都是变化的，需要手动使用命令查看，十分不方便，于是，我自己写了一个脚本用于自动更新 hosts 文件，使 wsl.host 指向 wsl 的 ip 地址，免去每次都手动查看的烦恼。
时隔一年，发现，网上有很多人在寻求最终方法，但始终没有人给出一个可行方案，遂发此文。
使用场景
WSL2 每次启动时，虚拟网卡的 宿主机 Windows 的 ip 和 wsl 的ip都是变化的，在登录 wsl 的图形界面和测试网络程序时，都很不方便，所以写了一个脚本自动更新 宿主机 和 wsl 的 hosts文件。同时，在wsl的环境变量中加入 winip 和 wslip 两个环境变量指示 ip 地址
在下文中，我将使用“主机”指代运行Windows的主机，wsl 指代 Windows sub Linux 系统
怎么做
如果你只关心达到目的，只看这一节即可
1.创建脚本文件 /opt/cron/boot.sh
写入以下内容
#!/bin/bash
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
startDate=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "------------ Script Start At $startDate -----------------"
win_hosts_path='/mnt/c/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts'
msg="##the wsl hosts. autogenerationn"
tmp="/tmp/hosts_tmp"
export winip=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}') && echo "export winip:$winip" || echo "get winip falut"
export wslip=$(ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}') && echo "export wslip:$wslip" || echo "get wslip fault"
# update windows hosts
if [ ! -f $tmp ]; then
echo $(touch $tmp && echo "touch $tmp")
else
echo "tmp file:$tmp"
fi
echo "process windows hosts"
sed '/win.host/d' $win_hosts_path |
sed '/wsl.host/d'|
sed '/#Update At/d' |
sed '/'"$msg"'/d' |
sed '$a'"$msg$winip win.hostn$wslip wsl.hostn#Update At $startDate" > $tmp
echo 'writting windows hosts'
cat $tmp > $win_hosts_path
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "write successfully"
else
echo "write fail"
fi
echo "process wsl hosts"
sed "/win.host/d" /etc/hosts |
sed "/wsl.host/d" |
sed "/Update At/d" |
sed '/'"$msg"'/d' |
sed '$a'"$msg$winip win.hostn$wslip wsl.hostn#Update At $startDate" > $tmp
echo 'writing wsl hosts'
cat $tmp > /etc/hosts
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "write successfully"
else
echo "write fail"
fi
endDate=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "----------- Script Finished At $endDate ----------"实际使用时，又更改了些许设置如下
#!/bin/bash
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
startDate=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "----------- Script Start At $startDate ----------"
win_hosts_path='/mnt/c/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts'
msg="##the wsl hosts. autogenerationn"
tmp="/tmp/hosts_tmp"
unset winip
unset wslip
Exit(){
endDate=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "----------- Script Finished At $endDate ----------"
exit
}
Log(){
date=`date +"%H:%M:%S"`
echo "[$date] $*"
}
winip=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}')
if [ $winip ];then
Log "windows ip:$winip"
else
Log "get Windows ip falut,Exiting...."
Exit
fi
wslip=$(ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}')
if [ $wslip ];then
Log "WSL ip:$wslip"
else
Log "get WSL ip falut,Exiting...."
Exit
fi
# update windows hosts
# rm $tmp
if [ ! -f $tmp ]; then
Log $(touch $tmp && echo "touch $tmp")
else
Log "tmp file:$tmp"
fi
Log "process windows hosts"
sed '/win.host/d' $win_hosts_path |
sed '/wsl.host/d'|
sed '/#Update At/d' |
sed '/'"$msg"'/d' |
sed '$a'"$msg$winip win.hostn$wslip wsl.hostn#Update At $startDate" > $tmp
Log 'writting windows hosts'
cat $tmp > $win_hosts_path
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
Log "write successfully"
else
Log "write fail"
Exit
fi
Log "process wsl hosts"
sed "/win.host/d" /etc/hosts |
sed "/wsl.host/d" |
sed "/Update At/d" |
sed '/'"$msg"'/d' |
sed '$a'"$msg$winip win.hostn$wslip wsl.hostn#Update At $startDate" > $tmp
Log 'writing wsl hosts'
cat $tmp > /etc/hosts
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
Log "write successfully"
else
Log "write fail"
Exit
fi
Exit2. 创建 /etc/wsl.conf 文件
写入以下内容
# Automatically mount Windows drive when the distribution is launched
[automount]
# Set to true will automount fixed drives (C:/ or D:/) with DrvFs under the root directory set above. Set to false means drives won't be mounted automatically, but need to be mounted manually or with fstab.
enabled = true
# Sets the directory where fixed drives will be automatically mounted. This example changes the mount location, so your C-drive would be /c, rather than the default /mnt/c.
root = /mnt/
# DrvFs-specific options can be specified.
options = "metadata,uid=1003,gid=1003,umask=077,fmask=11,case=off"
# Sets the `/etc/fstab` file to be processed when a WSL distribution is launched.
mountFsTab = true
# Network host settings that enable the DNS server used by WSL 2. This example changes the hostname, sets generateHosts to false, preventing WSL from the default behavior of auto-generating /etc/hosts, and sets generateResolvConf to false, preventing WSL from auto-generating /etc/resolv.conf, so that you can create your own (ie. nameserver 1.1.1.1).
[network]
hostname = Su
generateHosts = false
generateResolvConf = true
# Set whether WSL supports interop process like launching Windows apps and adding path variables. Setting these to false will block the launch of Windows processes and block adding $PATH environment variables.
[interop]
enabled = false
appendWindowsPath = false
# Set the user when launching a distribution with WSL.
[user]
default = aja
# Set a command to run when a new WSL instance launches. This example starts the Docker container service.
[boot]
command = /bin/bash /opt/cron/boot.sh >> /var/log/user/iboot.log3.创建日志文件
mkdir -p /var/log/user/
touch /var/log/user/iboot.log
chmod 777 /var/log/iboot.log4.更改 Windows 主机权限
打开 C:\Windows\System32\drivers
点击 etc 文件夹的属性，取消只读属性，
点击 安全->高级：
更改所有者
选择 Users ，点击确定
关闭属性窗口，重新打开，将 Users 的权限全部打开。允许完全控制
一切OK
此时，在Windows 主机和 WSl 内，都可以使用 win.host 和 wsl.host 访问主机和 wsl 网络。
BTW , 在 bash 环境变量中导入 ip
终端运行一下指令
echo "export winip=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}')" >> /etc/profile
echo "export wslip=$(ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}')" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile在终端有 winip 和 wslip 两个环境变量
Enjoy it！
现在，你可以在 WSL 和 Windows 里面，使用 wsl.host 指代 WSL 的ip，win.host 指代 Win 的ip。同时，在 WSL 里面，您可以使用 $winip 得到 windows 的 ip， $wslip 得到 WSL 自身 ip 地址。
实现思路：
一、脚本编写基础条件--如何自动执行脚本
1.1阻碍
- wsl 无法在启动时使用 crontab ，意味着无法使用 crontab 自动运行脚本，必须每次启动手动运行
- profile 无法取得权限修改 hosts 文件，可以更改文件权限，但，，并非上策
1.2 解决方案
WSl2 中有一个配置文件在 /etc/wsl.conf ，默认可能不存在这个文件，可以手动创建，在这个文件中可以指定一个脚本，该脚本将在 WSL 启动时以 root 身份运行，以供用户编写初始化脚本。完美！
条件达成
二、脚本编写
2.1整体流程
脚本获取主机 和 WSL 的 ip ，然后，更新 WSL 和 Windows 的 hosts 文件，从而使用 wsl.host win.host 即可访问 WSL 和 主机
2.2 获取 主机 和 WSL 的ip
1.在默认条件下，WSL 启动时会自动生成 /etc/resolv.conf 文件，文件中将给出主机 IP，一个 resolv.conf 文件内容如下：
# This file was automatically generated by WSL. To stop automatic generation of this file, add the following entry to /etc/wsl.conf:
# [network]
# generateResolvConf = false
nameserver 172.22.240.1此时：
cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk {'print $2'} #可获取 主机 ip
ifconfig | grep inet | awk {'print $2'} # 获取 WSL ip2.使用命令 ip route
default via 172.22.240.1 dev eth0
172.22.240.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.22.245.160其中 default via 后面的地址即主机 IP ，src 后面为 WSL ip
命令
ip route | grep default | awk {'print $3'} # 获取主机 ip
ip route | grep src | awk {'print $2'} # 获取 WSL ip由于，我们目的是更新 hosts 文件，设置环境变量，所以，resolv.conf 的自动生成就没有必要。我们将关闭 resolv.conf 的生成
更改 /etc/wsl.conf 如下
# Automatically mount Windows drive when the distribution is launched
[automount]
# Set to true will automount fixed drives (C:/ or D:/) with DrvFs under the root directory set above. Set to false means drives won't be mounted automatically, but need to be mounted manually or with fstab.
enabled = true
# Sets the directory where fixed drives will be automatically mounted. This example changes the mount location, so your C-drive would be /c, rather than the default /mnt/c.
root = /mnt/
# DrvFs-specific options can be specified.
options = "metadata,uid=1003,gid=1003,umask=077,fmask=11,case=off"
# Sets the `/etc/fstab` file to be processed when a WSL distribution is launched.
mountFsTab = true
# Network host settings that enable the DNS server used by WSL 2. This example changes the hostname, sets generateHosts to false, preventing WSL from the default behavior of auto-generating /etc/hosts, and sets generateResolvConf to false, preventing WSL from auto-generating /etc/resolv.conf, so that you can create your own (ie. nameserver 1.1.1.1).
[network]
hostname = Su
generateHosts = false
generateResolvConf = true
# Set whether WSL supports interop process like launching Windows apps and adding path variables. Setting these to false will block the launch of Windows processes and block adding $PATH environment variables.
[interop]
enabled = false
appendWindowsPath = false
# Set the user when launching a distribution with WSL.
[user]
default = aja
# Set a command to run when a new WSL instance launches. This example starts the Docker container service.
[boot]
command = /bin/bash /opt/cron/boot.sh >> /var/log/user/iboot.log2.3 脚本内容
#!/bin/bash
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH
startDate=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "------------ Script Start At $startDate -----------------"
win_hosts_path='/mnt/c/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts'
msg="##the wsl hosts. autogenerationn"
tmp="/tmp/hosts_tmp"
export winip=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}') && echo "export winip:$winip" || echo "get winip falut"
export wslip=$(ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}') && echo "export wslip:$wslip" || echo "get wslip fault"
# update windows hosts
if [ ! -f $tmp ]; then
echo $(touch $tmp && echo "touch $tmp")
else
echo "tmp file:$tmp"
fi
echo "process windows hosts"
sed '/win.host/d' $win_hosts_path |
sed '/wsl.host/d'|
sed '/#Update At/d' |
sed '/'"$msg"'/d' |
sed '$a'"$msg$winip win.hostn$wslip wsl.hostn#Update At $startDate" > $tmp
echo 'writting windows hosts'
cat $tmp > $win_hosts_path
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "write successfully"
else
echo "write fail"
fi
echo "process wsl hosts"
sed "/win.host/d" /etc/hosts |
sed "/wsl.host/d" |
sed "/Update At/d" |
sed '/'"$msg"'/d' |
sed '$a'"$msg$winip win.hostn$wslip wsl.hostn#Update At $startDate" > $tmp
echo 'writing wsl hosts'
cat $tmp > /etc/hosts
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "write successfully"
else
echo "write fail"
fi
endDate=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "----------- Script Finished At $endDate ----------"边栏推荐
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