MATLAB提取不规则txt文件中的数值数据（简单且实用）

一、前情概要

我的txt文本数据如图所示（部分），是某地的地形数据以及景点的位置数据：

txt里面包括数值、文字、中英文括号、中英文逗号、空格等等，总之类型很复杂，用通常的load、importdata、txtscan等函数都不太好处理。

这里介绍一种快捷又十分实用的方法。

二、MATLAB导入数据

以前都直接实用代码读取文件的，很少使用到这个功能，但这个功能却非常好用。（当然了，批量的、格式化的文件还是建议使用代码读取）。

2.1 数据加载

直接点击就完事：

2.2 设置分割符

txt中的内容虽然比较混乱，但数据与数据之间还是有分隔撒，比如空格、逗号之类的。我的数据里面分隔符号比较多且乱，具体设置如下：

在这里可以设置数据的分隔符，自定义分隔符支持任意键盘输入（汉字、标点、换行等等），根据实际情况设置即可。

根据设置的分隔符，txt文档被划分如下：

2.3 设置输出格式

该功能可以输出table、矩阵、cell、字符串数组等格式，在此我选择数值矩阵。

对于txt中无法导入的cell，可以设置替换值，如Nan（可以自定义），也可以将那一行或列删除。

设置好输出条件后，确保选中了要输出的数据（框选部分或者ctrl A 全选），如2.2节中所示，蓝色为输出的数值，而黄色则替换成了NaN。

2.4 生成脚本或函数

在导出时，可以生成脚本或者函数，仅适用于当前文件。后续对该文件的操作，使用代码就可以实现了。

我的txt文件对应的函数如下：

function Adata = importfile(filename, dataLines)
%IMPORTFILE1 从文本文件中导入数据
%  ADATA = IMPORTFILE1(FILENAME)读取文本文件 FILENAME 中默认选定范围的数据。  返回数值数据。
%
%  ADATA = IMPORTFILE1(FILE, DATALINES)按指定行间隔读取文本文件 FILENAME
%  中的数据。对于不连续的行间隔，请将 DATALINES 指定为正整数标量或 N×2 正整数标量数组。
%
%  示例:
%  Adata = importfile1("G:\资料\Now\Part_time_job\建模800\A_data.txt", [1, Inf]);
%
%  另请参阅 READTABLE。
%
% 由 MATLAB 于 2022-06-30 18:16:29 自动生成

%% 输入处理

% 如果不指定 dataLines，请定义默认范围
if nargin < 2
    dataLines = [1, Inf];
end

%% 设置导入选项并导入数据
opts = delimitedTextImportOptions("NumVariables", 445);

% 指定范围和分隔符
opts.DataLines = dataLines;
opts.Delimiter = [" ", "(", ")", ",", ",-", "（", "）", "，"];

% 指定列名称和类型
opts.VariableNames = ["h0", "VarName2", "VarName3", "VarName4", "VarName5", "VarName6", "VarName7", "VarName8", "VarName9", "VarName10", "VarName11", "VarName12", "VarName13", "VarName14", "VarName15", "VarName16", "VarName17", "VarName18", "VarName19", "VarName20", "VarName21", "VarName22", "VarName23", "VarName24", "VarName25", "VarName26", "VarName27", "VarName28", "VarName29", "VarName30", "VarName31", "VarName32", "VarName33", "VarName34", "VarName35", "VarName36", "VarName37", "VarName38", "VarName39", "VarName40", "VarName41", "VarName42", "VarName43", "VarName44", "VarName45", "VarName46", "VarName47", "VarName48", "VarName49", "VarName50", "VarName51", "VarName52", "VarName53", "VarName54", "VarName55", "VarName56", "VarName57", "VarName58", "VarName59", "VarName60", "VarName61", "VarName62", "VarName63", "VarName64", "VarName65", "VarName66", "VarName67", "VarName68", "VarName69", "VarName70", "VarName71", "VarName72", "VarName73", "VarName74", "VarName75", "VarName76", "VarName77", "VarName78", "VarName79", "VarName80", "VarName81", "VarName82", "VarName83", "VarName84", "VarName85", "VarName86", "VarName87", "VarName88", "VarName89", "VarName90", "VarName91", "VarName92", "VarName93", "VarName94", "VarName95", "VarName96", "VarName97", "VarName98", "VarName99", "VarName100", "VarName101", "VarName102", "VarName103", "VarName104", "VarName105", "VarName106", "VarName107", "VarName108", "VarName109", "VarName110", "VarName111", "VarName112", "VarName113", "VarName114", "VarName115", "VarName116", "VarName117", "VarName118", "VarName119", "VarName120", "VarName121", "VarName122", "VarName123", "VarName124", "VarName125", "VarName126", "VarName127", "VarName128", "VarName129", "VarName130", "VarName131", "VarName132", "VarName133", "VarName134", "VarName135", "VarName136", "VarName137", "VarName138", "VarName139", "VarName140", "VarName141", "VarName142", "VarName143", "VarName144", "VarName145", "VarName146", "VarName147", "VarName148", "VarName149", "VarName150", "VarName151", "VarName152", "VarName153", "VarName154", "VarName155", "VarName156", "VarName157", "VarName158", "VarName159", "VarName160", "VarName161", "VarName162", "VarName163", "VarName164", "VarName165", "VarName166", "VarName167", "VarName168", "VarName169", "VarName170", "VarName171", "VarName172", "VarName173", "VarName174", "VarName175", "VarName176", "VarName177", "VarName178", "VarName179", "VarName180", "VarName181", "VarName182", "VarName183", "VarName184", "VarName185", "VarName186", "VarName187", "VarName188", "VarName189", "VarName190", "VarName191", "VarName192", "VarName193", "VarName194", "VarName195", "VarName196", "VarName197", "VarName198", "VarName199", "VarName200", "VarName201", "VarName202", "VarName203", "VarName204", "VarName205", "VarName206", "VarName207", "VarName208", "VarName209", "VarName210", "VarName211", "VarName212", "VarName213", "VarName214", "VarName215", "VarName216", "VarName217", "VarName218", "VarName219", "VarName220", "VarName221", "VarName222", "VarName223", "VarName224", "VarName225", "VarName226", "VarName227", "VarName228", "VarName229", "VarName230", "VarName231", "VarName232", "VarName233", "VarName234", "VarName235", "VarName236", "VarName237", "VarName238", "VarName239", "VarName240", "VarName241", "VarName242", "VarName243", "VarName244", "VarName245", "VarName246", "VarName247", "VarName248", "VarName249", "VarName250", "VarName251", "VarName252", "VarName253", "VarName254", "VarName255", "VarName256", "VarName257", "VarName258", "VarName259", "VarName260", "VarName261", "VarName262", "VarName263", "VarName264", "VarName265", "VarName266", "VarName267", "VarName268", "VarName269", "VarName270", "VarName271", "VarName272", "VarName273", "VarName274", "VarName275", "VarName276", "VarName277", "VarName278", "VarName279", "VarName280", "VarName281", "VarName282", "VarName283", "VarName284", "VarName285", "VarName286", "VarName287", "VarName288", "VarName289", "VarName290", "VarName291", "VarName292", "VarName293", "VarName294", "VarName295", "VarName296", "VarName297", "VarName298", "VarName299", "VarName300", "VarName301", "VarName302", "VarName303", "VarName304", "VarName305", "VarName306", "VarName307", "VarName308", "VarName309", "VarName310", "VarName311", "VarName312", "VarName313", "VarName314", "VarName315", "VarName316", "VarName317", "VarName318", "VarName319", "VarName320", "VarName321", "VarName322", "VarName323", "VarName324", "VarName325", "VarName326", "VarName327", "VarName328", "VarName329", "VarName330", "VarName331", "VarName332", "VarName333", "VarName334", "VarName335", "VarName336", "VarName337", "VarName338", "VarName339", "VarName340", "VarName341", "VarName342", "VarName343", "VarName344", "VarName345", "VarName346", "VarName347", "VarName348", "VarName349", "VarName350", "VarName351", "VarName352", "VarName353", "VarName354", "VarName355", "VarName356", "VarName357", "VarName358", "VarName359", "VarName360", "VarName361", "VarName362", "VarName363", "VarName364", "VarName365", "VarName366", "VarName367", "VarName368", "VarName369", "VarName370", "VarName371", "VarName372", "VarName373", "VarName374", "VarName375", "VarName376", "VarName377", "VarName378", "VarName379", "VarName380", "VarName381", "VarName382", "VarName383", "VarName384", "VarName385", "VarName386", "VarName387", "VarName388", "VarName389", "VarName390", "VarName391", "VarName392", "VarName393", "VarName394", "VarName395", "VarName396", "VarName397", "VarName398", "VarName399", "VarName400", "VarName401", "VarName402", "VarName403", "VarName404", "VarName405", "VarName406", "VarName407", "VarName408", "VarName409", "VarName410", "VarName411", "VarName412", "VarName413", "VarName414", "VarName415", "VarName416", "VarName417", "VarName418", "VarName419", "VarName420", "VarName421", "VarName422", "VarName423", "VarName424", "VarName425", "VarName426", "VarName427", "VarName428", "VarName429", "VarName430", "VarName431", "VarName432", "VarName433", "VarName434", "VarName435", "VarName436", "VarName437", "VarName438", "VarName439", "VarName440", "VarName441", "VarName442", "VarName443", "VarName444", "VarName445"];
opts.VariableTypes = ["double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double"];

% 指定文件级属性
opts.ExtraColumnsRule = "ignore";
opts.EmptyLineRule = "read";

% 指定变量属性
opts = setvaropts(opts, ["h0", "VarName10", "VarName13", "VarName16", "VarName19", "VarName22", "VarName25", "VarName28", "VarName31", "VarName34", "VarName37", "VarName40", "VarName43", "VarName46", "VarName49", "VarName52", "VarName55", "VarName58", "VarName61", "VarName64", "VarName67", "VarName70", "VarName73", "VarName76", "VarName79", "VarName82", "VarName85", "VarName88", "VarName91", "VarName94", "VarName97", "VarName100", "VarName103", "VarName106", "VarName109", "VarName112", "VarName115", "VarName118", "VarName121", "VarName124", "VarName127", "VarName130", "VarName133", "VarName136", "VarName139", "VarName142", "VarName145", "VarName148", "VarName151", "VarName154", "VarName157", "VarName160", "VarName163", "VarName166", "VarName169", "VarName172", "VarName175", "VarName178", "VarName181", "VarName184", "VarName187", "VarName190", "VarName193", "VarName196", "VarName199", "VarName202", "VarName205", "VarName208", "VarName211", "VarName214", "VarName217", "VarName220", "VarName223", "VarName226", "VarName229", "VarName232", "VarName235", "VarName238", "VarName241", "VarName244", "VarName247", "VarName250", "VarName253", "VarName256", "VarName259", "VarName262", "VarName265", "VarName268", "VarName271", "VarName274", "VarName277", "VarName280", "VarName283", "VarName286", "VarName289", "VarName292", "VarName295", "VarName298", "VarName301", "VarName304", "VarName307", "VarName310", "VarName313", "VarName316", "VarName319", "VarName322", "VarName325", "VarName328", "VarName331", "VarName334", "VarName337", "VarName340", "VarName343", "VarName346", "VarName349", "VarName352", "VarName355", "VarName358", "VarName361", "VarName364", "VarName367", "VarName370", "VarName373", "VarName376", "VarName379", "VarName382", "VarName385", "VarName388", "VarName391", "VarName394", "VarName397", "VarName400", "VarName403", "VarName406", "VarName409", "VarName412", "VarName415", "VarName418", "VarName421", "VarName424", "VarName427", "VarName430", "VarName433", "VarName436", "VarName439", "VarName442", "VarName445"], "TrimNonNumeric", true);
opts = setvaropts(opts, ["h0", "VarName10", "VarName13", "VarName16", "VarName19", "VarName22", "VarName25", "VarName28", "VarName31", "VarName34", "VarName37", "VarName40", "VarName43", "VarName46", "VarName49", "VarName52", "VarName55", "VarName58", "VarName61", "VarName64", "VarName67", "VarName70", "VarName73", "VarName76", "VarName79", "VarName82", "VarName85", "VarName88", "VarName91", "VarName94", "VarName97", "VarName100", "VarName103", "VarName106", "VarName109", "VarName112", "VarName115", "VarName118", "VarName121", "VarName124", "VarName127", "VarName130", "VarName133", "VarName136", "VarName139", "VarName142", "VarName145", "VarName148", "VarName151", "VarName154", "VarName157", "VarName160", "VarName163", "VarName166", "VarName169", "VarName172", "VarName175", "VarName178", "VarName181", "VarName184", "VarName187", "VarName190", "VarName193", "VarName196", "VarName199", "VarName202", "VarName205", "VarName208", "VarName211", "VarName214", "VarName217", "VarName220", "VarName223", "VarName226", "VarName229", "VarName232", "VarName235", "VarName238", "VarName241", "VarName244", "VarName247", "VarName250", "VarName253", "VarName256", "VarName259", "VarName262", "VarName265", "VarName268", "VarName271", "VarName274", "VarName277", "VarName280", "VarName283", "VarName286", "VarName289", "VarName292", "VarName295", "VarName298", "VarName301", "VarName304", "VarName307", "VarName310", "VarName313", "VarName316", "VarName319", "VarName322", "VarName325", "VarName328", "VarName331", "VarName334", "VarName337", "VarName340", "VarName343", "VarName346", "VarName349", "VarName352", "VarName355", "VarName358", "VarName361", "VarName364", "VarName367", "VarName370", "VarName373", "VarName376", "VarName379", "VarName382", "VarName385", "VarName388", "VarName391", "VarName394", "VarName397", "VarName400", "VarName403", "VarName406", "VarName409", "VarName412", "VarName415", "VarName418", "VarName421", "VarName424", "VarName427", "VarName430", "VarName433", "VarName436", "VarName439", "VarName442", "VarName445"], "ThousandsSeparator", ",");

% 导入数据
Adata = readtable(filename, opts);

%% 转换为输出类型
Adata = table2array(Adata);
end

2.5 数据的进一步处理

上述方法虽然很好的将txt中的数据读取出来了，数据中还包含一直空值之类的。可以进一步提取：
将不同高度，对应的经纬度、景点数据采用如下代码进行提取：

close all;
clear;
clc;

Adata=importfile('A_data.txt');  %使用系统生成的函数读取txt文件

[row,coloum]=size(Adata);   %获取输出的矩阵尺寸

high=Adata(1:3:57,2);       %提取高度

longitude=Adata(2:3:56,2:3:coloum);   %提取经度
latitude=Adata(2:3:56,3:3:coloum);    %提取纬度


A_position=Adata(58,2:4);   %A地位置
B_position=Adata(58,7:9);   %B地位置

A_spots=Adata(59:67,2:5);   %A地景点信息
B_spots=Adata(59:67,8:11);   %B地景点信息

得到与txt文本中一致的格式化数据：

至此，数据已经成功提取，接下来则是根据数据做图（某地地形图）。