Ansible installation and deployment of automated operation and maintenance

A preliminary understanding Ansible ansible be based on Python Development ,, It combines the advantages of many operation and maintenance tools , Realize the batch run command , The deployment process , Configure system and other functions . Default by SSH Protocol for remote command execution or distribution configuration , There is no need to deploy any client agent software , This makes automated environment deployment easier . It can support parallel management of multiple hosts at the same time , Make the management host more convenient .

Ansible Core components ansible It can be seen as a framework that works based on modules , Batch deployment capability means ansible The running module realizes . In short ansible Is based on “ modular ” Complete all kinds of “ Mission ” Of . The structure diagram is shown below

ansible The assembly consists of the following six parts Ansible core The core engine

Host inventory Host list ： Used to define Ansible Managed hosts , The default is in Ansible Of hosts The managed host is defined in the configuration file , It also supports customizing the dynamic host list and specifying the location of other configuration files

Connection plugins Connect plug-ins ： Responsible for communication with the managed host . In addition to support the use of SSH Connect outside the managed host ,ansible It also supports other connection methods , So we need to have a connection plug-in to connect each host to ansible

Playbooks(yam1,jinja2) Script ： Used to centrally define ansible Task configuration file for , To define multiple tasks in a play by ansible Automatic execution , The control host can run multiple tasks for multiple managed hosts at the same time

Core modules Core module ： yes ansible Built in modules , Use these modules to distribute resources to managed hosts , Make it perform specific tasks or match specific states

Custom modules Custom module ： Supplement for completing module functions , Log can be completed with the help of related plug-ins , Send email and other functions

Installation and deployment ansible service ansible Automatic operation and maintenance The environment consists of the control host and the managed host , because ansible Is based on SSH Protocol for communication , So control the host installation ansible There is no need to restart or run any program after the software , The managed host does not need to install or run any agents .

The case environment is as follows ：

1 install ansible You can use the source code to install , You can also use the operating system software package tool to install . What I'm using here is CentOS7 operating system , adopt yum Way to install ansible, Need to rely on a third party epel Source .

yum install epel-release -y

Download it yum After the source , You can use it directly yum Command to install ansible

yum install ansible -y

After installation, you can view ansible Software version information .

ansible --version ansible 2.7.0   config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg   configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']   ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible   executable location = /usr/bin/ansible   python version = 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)]

ansible The main relevant configuration files are /etc/ansible Under the table of contents

cd /etc/ansible/ Total usage 24 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20269 10 month   9 09:34 ansible.cfg        # The configuration file -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1016 10 month   9 09:34 hosts                  # Control host files drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 10 month   9 09:34 roles

2 Configure host list ansible By reading the default host list /etc/ansible/hosts file , After modifying the host and group configuration , It can be connected to multiple managed hosts at the same time to perform tasks . The specific configuration is as follows ：

vim hosts [web]                                  # Managed host classification 192.168.199.130 [mysql]                                # Managed host classification 192.168.199.131

3 Set up SSH Password-free login for fear of ansible Enter the password of the managed host when issuing instructions , You can sign the certificate to SSH Effect of login without password , Use ssh-keygen Generate a pair of keys , Use ssh-copy-id To issue the generated public key Close three The server The firewall of

systemctl stop firewalld.service setenforce 0

Configure secret key authentication

ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id [email protected] ssh-copy-id [email protected]

Here we are ,ansible Your environment is deployed .