2 Power battery , That's it “ Divide ” Of

source ： Shentu （ID:shentucar） author ： Zhou Jifeng   edit ： The dawn  

Battery manufacturers and car companies began to form a new circle of friends .

Since last year , The global automotive industry has experienced an unprecedented battery shortage , This problem has not been solved yet .

Want a battery ？ Sure , It depends on “ rob ”, It depends on the power battery manufacturer “ Look ”, We have to increase the price , The price increase may not be able to grab .

Some car companies lift the table and quit , They began to escape the era of battery giant Ningde , Attract potential power battery companies , Expand new “ Circle of friends ”. Some of them were little brothers in the battery industry , Start actively seizing orders , Hold your thighs tight in time .

Today, the plastic sisters are domineering , This alliance and cooperation , It is not a two-way rush out of friendship , More out of commercial interests .

For car companies , Battery battle , In fact, it is also a battle for survival . Choose what kind of battery to use , Who's battery , This has greatly affected the number of cars sold by car companies 、 The speed of launching new cars , Even the speed of seizing the market .

The installed capacity of power battery manufacturers 、 Market share , There is an inseparable relationship with the sales volume of its cooperative car enterprises . A battery order from a car giant , It may lead to the rise of a battery factory .

Car making Jianghu , Above the water is the battle of technology , The struggle for product power , But below the surface , The test is the control ability of automobile enterprises over the supply chain .

Now? , Popular new car making forces and strong independent brands , Which battery factories stand behind them ？ Which battery suppliers lie in the circle of friends of these OEMs ？ Shenzhen Tu has made an inventory of this one by one .

And clarify the supply relationship between the main engine factory and the power battery factory , In fact, we can see the competition pattern of most of the car making Jianghu .

01 tesla —— The arena of the battery giant

Tesla, as the new energy vehicle enterprise with the highest market value in the world , On the power battery track , Have a pivotal position .

Tesla pursues ultimate efficiency and cost performance , Therefore, in the selection of battery supply partners , It is also the best of the best . at present , It officially announced three battery suppliers , Panasonic 、LG New energy and Ningde era .

source / Ministry of industry 、 Report publicly

In the early , The only battery supplier of Tesla is Panasonic . The two have been deeply bound , There was a honeymoon period .2017 year , Panasonic and Tesla launched 21700 The lithium battery . This battery compares to 18650 The battery , Unit capacity increase 35%, The energy density has increased 20%, The selling price of the system decreased by about 9%. tesla CEO Musk was full of praise for this .

But Panasonic's battery capacity can not keep up with Tesla's demand , After entering the Chinese market , Tesla has selected two more suppliers , One is LG New energy , Second, Ningde Era .

at present , Panasonic is mainly responsible for the US market ,LG New energy 、 Ningde times supplies batteries to the Shanghai factory .LG New energy 、 Ningde era also has its own division of labor ,LG New energy mainly provides Tesla with ternary lithium batteries , It corresponds to the long-range and high-performance models , It's a high-end series , Ningde times mainly provides lithium iron phosphate batteries , It corresponds to the standard endurance model .

For King Ning , Tesla's order , It's about life and death .2021 year , The domestic Tesla installed capacity accounts for% of the domestic installed capacity in Ningde era 20% about , Tesla is the largest customer of Ningde era .

However, from the information transmitted in the current market , Tesla intends to reduce the supply share of Ningde era , And introduce another major competitor of Ningde era —— BYD as a new battery supplier . BYD is also a giant in the domestic power battery industry ,2021 year , The installed capacity of this company ranks second in the country .

Musk in 2021 year 7 In the press conference of the financial report in January , Tesla will gradually switch to lithium iron phosphate battery in the future , From the perspective of battery composition , In the future, two-thirds of Tesla cars will use lithium iron phosphate .

Compared with the Ningde era , BYD has more advantages in lithium iron phosphate batteries . lately , BYD executives were interviewed by a certain media , BYD will provide Tesla with battery products . however , This incident , Tesla's response ：“ We haven't heard the news ”. The news of battery industry is true or false , But these rumors do send a signal —— The Ningde era is a little dangerous .

In addition to supporting multiple suppliers , Tesla is also actively developing battery technology . Tesla from 2019 Annual acquisition Maxwell after , Using its dry electrode patent to research 4680 Large cylindrical power battery ,2022 Annual production vehicles have been delivered .

All the way down , Tesla's strategic layout on the battery is actually very clear , That's it “ Multi channel procurement + Deep binding + Self developed technology ”, It can not only firmly grasp the voice of the battery industry , At the same time, it has always occupied the profit highland of the industrial chain .

But Tesla can play games with many battery factories , And get the upper hand , It depends on strength .2021 Two Tesla phenomenal models in Model 3 and Model Y It sells well in countries all over the world , Sales are close to 100 Thousands of cars .

Huge capacity demand , It also brings huge battery purchase orders , This order is available to all battery manufacturers . according to the understanding of ,2021 In, Tesla's total purchase amount of Ningde times cell was as high as 130 One hundred million yuan . It is precisely the size of the industry as a minimum , Tesla has a chance to shop around , At the same time, it can free up the technology of self-development , Take the initiative .

02 New forces building cars , Who is standing behind ？

Among the new car building forces in China , Wei to 、 Xiao peng 、 Ideal 、 Zero run 、 Which zha 、 Goodway , These brands already have mass-produced models .

And the battery of Ningde era , It covers all the new forces of making cars above .

source / Ministry of industry 、 Company announcement 、 EU think tank 《2022 Research on the development of global new energy vehicle power battery 》

however , This year , Some two echelon battery factories have also begun to squeeze into the supply chain list of these new forces .

In the age of Ningde 2021 Among the installed capacity customers in , Velai is second only to Tesla , Is its second largest customer .2021 year , The output of Weilai new energy passenger vehicles is about 9.49 Thousands of cars , The installed capacity of power battery exceeds 6.64GWh, All the supporting equipment is provided by Ningde times .

But this year , New partners have emerged among the battery suppliers of Weilai —— Wei Lan new energy . Wei Lai plan is based on new cars ET7, Launch single charge endurance 1000 Kilometers of mixed solid-liquid electrolyte batteries , This battery is provided by Wei Lan . besides , This year, 3 There is news in May that , Weilai has launched fixed-point cooperation with BYD , The new car will use the lithium iron phosphate battery provided by BYD .

Xiaopeng is the age of Ningde 2021 The third largest customer in . however , Xiao Peng started to escape from the Ningde era very early . As early as 2021 First quarter , Xiaopeng automobile has introduced the battery secondary supply —— Yiwei lithium energy .

however , The lack of battery still stuck Xiao Peng's neck . So Xiaopeng decided to introduce a new battery supplier —— China Innovation airlines . In order to introduce this supplier , Hexiaopeng, chairman of Xiaopeng automobile, and Zeng Yuqun, chairman of Ningde times also had a big quarrel .

Next , Xiao Peng may also expand his list of battery suppliers . There's news , Xiao Peng's new car G9, Will incorporate Xinwangda battery into A Among tier 1 suppliers . Although this news has not been officially confirmed by Xiao Peng , however “ Don't put your eggs in a basket ”, It has always been Xiao Peng's style .

Although several battery suppliers have been introduced , At present, Ningde times is still the primary supplier of Xiaopeng's lithium iron phosphate battery , Yiwei lithium energy is the second supply . As for Xiao Peng's ternary battery , Open source Securities pointed out in its Research Report , The first supply gradually transits from Ningde era to zhongchuangxin aviation , The secondary supply of ternary is also Yiwei lithium energy .

at present , The ideal still stands with Ningde era .6 month 23 Japan , Ningde times released the third generation CTP Kirin battery . After the new battery is released , Ideal means that next year's new car will be loaded with Kirin batteries .

Which zha 、 The batteries used in the early stage of Zero run were those produced by some small battery factories , For example, Tianjin Jiewei 、 Huading Guolian 、 Battery factories like BIC . In recent years, the production capacity and sales volume have increased , It also used the Ningde era . However, Ningde times has never been their exclusive battery supplier .

at present , In Nezha's battery supply list lie four companies ： Ningde era 、 Hive energy 、 Ruipu energy 、 Yiwei lithium energy . Zero runs more , There are five battery suppliers ： China Innovation airlines 、 Hive energy 、 Ruipu energy 、 Ningde times and GuoXuan high tech .

Here's the thing to watch , Zero run seems to be more dependent on the battery supply of the second echelon . For example, a new car running at zero C01 On , The main battery supplied by China Innovation Airlines was selected .

It is not difficult to see from the choice of these new forces for making cars , The second and third tier battery enterprises have accelerated their penetration into the supply chain of automobile enterprises . At present, China Innovation Airlines is in the front 、 Hive energy 、 Yiwei lithium energy Co., Ltd .

03 Who is supplying batteries for their own brands ？

What I mentioned above is all about the new forces of making cars , that , What is the situation of traditional car companies ？

at present , These independent brands are the main ones that have gained a large number of products in new energy vehicles ： BYD 、 SAIC GM Wuling 、 GAC 、 geely 、 The Great Wall 、 changan 、 baic 、 dongfeng .

Compared to the new forces of making cars , In the field of independent brands , The influence of Ningde era is greater . baic 、 dongfeng 、 Geely relies more on the Ningde era , dongfeng 、 Geely even set up a joint venture with Ningde times .

however , There are two special car companies —— GAC 、 changan . Their main supplier of batteries , It has switched from Ningde era to China Innovation airlines .

source ： Ministry of industry 、 Company announcement 、 EU think tank 《2022 Research on the development of global new energy vehicle power battery 》

2017 year , GAC motor's first electric vehicle GE3 list , The maximum monthly sales reached 2000 More than one , But because the battery supply is insufficient , Delivery is affected . With such a lesson , GAC began to seek ways to support the second supplier . At this time, it has not been renamed as AVIC lithium battery of China Innovation airlines , Throw out the olive branch , Seize the opportunity . To 2020 year , China Innovation Airlines has replaced Ningde times as the first battery supplier of GAC new energy .

The same story happened to Chang'an automobile .2020 Years ago , Ningde times is the largest battery supplier of Chang'an , however 2020 After year , The battery installed capacity of China Innovation airlines in Chang'an automobile has surpassed that of Ningde era .

however , Two newly established new energy brands of Chang'an automobile —— Avita 、 Deep blue , Now the batteries are supplied by Ningde times . These two new brand cars have not been delivered in mass production , If dark blue and avita sell well in the future , The supply proportion of Ningde era in Chang'an may be further increased .

Compared with Chang'an 、 GAC , SAIC GM Wuling has a very strong lineup of battery suppliers . The deep journey inventory found that , There are at least 7 A battery company supplies batteries to SAIC GM Wuling . Battery industry “ friend ” sufficient , It also ensures that SAIC GM Wuling does not lack batteries .

Different from the new forces of car making , The traditional car enterprises are rich and powerful , They face a shortage of batteries , In addition to attracting more battery suppliers , They are also developing battery technology , Some car companies have already made great achievements .

BYD is currently the best selling new energy passenger vehicles in China , It started out as a battery . Now , BYD is also the industry giant with the second largest installed capacity in the battery industry . A large part of the company's power batteries are produced and sold by itself , Although it has started to supply , But not many car enterprises' orders have been received .

however , Get into 2022 year , More and more OEMs are interested in BYD's batteries . This year, 3 The media broke the news this month , BYD's ferdi battery will be equipped with Weilai and Xiaomi cars . And BYD is also expected to enter Tesla's battery supply chain .

Except BYD , Great Wall is also developing batteries , stay 2018 In, it hatched the hive energy . Compared with BYD , Beehive energy can supply the inside of the Great Wall , It can also supply to other car companies . In this year 5 Ranking of domestic power battery enterprises in loading volume in December , Honeycomb energy ranked No 8, The results are pretty good .

As for Great Wall Motors , Its battery supplies , Half is supplied by Ningde times , The other half gives the hive energy .

however ,2021 By the end of year , Great Wall has also introduced new suppliers —— GuoXuan high tech . Both sides confirm that 2022 year -2025 The total electricity delivered during the year shall not be less than 10GWh. if , All the batteries in this order are used to carry the new energy vehicles of Great Wall Motors , In the next four years, at least 16.92 Thousands of cars 、 The highest 27 Battery supporting demand of 10000 Great Wall new energy vehicles .

Of course , There is also a small battery brother —— Xinwangda also deserves attention . At present, there are many automobile enterprises , Not many of them are equipped with Xinwangda batteries . however , Xinwangda has obtained Wei Lai 、 Ideal 、 Xiao peng 、 saic 、 GAC 、 dongfeng 、 Geely and other major automobile enterprises have invested , Strength cannot be underestimated . future , In many car brands , It is possible to see Xinwangda battery .

Check the battery supply chain of the new forces of car making and traditional car enterprises , It's not hard to see. ,“ Go to Ningde era ” It has become the general trend . More and more OEMs are introducing new battery suppliers . Most of them are power battery plants with the top ten installed capacity .

In the second and third echelon battery enterprises desperately catch up , The market share of Ningde era is declining . Last year, Ningde times accounted for 50% above , In this year 5 month , Down to 45%. Ningde era also began to worry , So after its Kirin battery was released , Ideal also immediately announced the news of cooperation .“ Ning wang ” Trying to tell the world ： I also have a large number of high-quality customers .

From the supply chain selection of the main engine plant , You can see , This battery battle , There are no absolute Winners , There are no absolute enemies or friends . The relationship between the buyer and the seller has also become quite delicate , Car companies hope that battery factories will be strong , But I don't want it to be too powerful to affect myself , The battery factory hopes to grow rapidly with the help of the power of the main engine factory , But I hope I can rise up quickly , Take the initiative . In the mutual game , The enemy can shake hands and make peace , Friends can turn against each other .

Big fish and big fish , The power battery circuit is becoming wider . This scuffle in the battery industry has just begun , It's just a good play .