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设计规则检查约束(set_max_transition、set_max_capacitance)
2022-06-12 20:14:00 【lu-ming.xyz】
《Static timing analysis for nanometer designs_ a practical approach》设计规则检查约束的学习笔记
1 CMOS 电平转换模型
CMOS 充放电可抽象为阻容模型。但在CMOS单元中,由于PMOS上拉晶体管和NMOS下拉晶体管在很短的时间内同时打开,因此输出的充放电波形并不像图RC充放电波形那样平滑。
CMOS 反相器单元内从逻辑-1到逻辑-0的输出切换不同阶段的电流路径:
- 1 PMOS 和 NMOS 短暂同时闭合,两条电流支路,一条从 Vdd 到 Vss 短路电流。另一条负载电容放电电流。
- 2 PMOS 打开,NMOS 关闭,电容放电。
- 3 在输出达到最终状态后,由于电容负载完全放电,没有电流流动。

CMOS单元输出端的代表性波形(a)。注意过渡波形是如何渐近地向Vss轨道和Vdd轨道弯曲的,波形的线性部分在中间。
将稳定态与变化态抽象,就得到模型(b) 。
抽象为理想模型,过渡时间取0,就得到。

2 设计规则约束
两个经常使用的设计规则:max transition 和 max capacitance 。这些规则检查指定设计中的所有端口(Port)和引脚(Pin)满足抓换时间(transition time)和电容的限制。这些限制可以使用
- set_max_transition
- set_max_capacitance
set_max_transition 0.6 IOBANK # 限制最大转换时间为 600ps
set_max_capacitance 0.5 [current_design] # current_design所有线网的最大电容设置为0.5pf
3 例子
以下面的模型为例:

网络上的电容是通过将所有引脚电容加上任何IO负载加上线网上任何互连电容的总和来计算的:
线网N1的总电容 = UBUF1 的引脚电容(pin cap) + UOR2 的引脚电容 + 输出端口的负载电容 + 接线电容(wire/routing cap)
= 0.05 + 0.03 + 0.07 + 0.02
= 0.17 pF
线网N2的总电容 = UBUF2/A 的引脚电容 + 接线电容(wire/routing cap)
= 0.03 + 0.04
= 0.07 pF
转换时间作为延迟计算的一部分计算(假设UBUF2单元为线性延迟模型):
引脚 UBUF2/A 的转换时间 = 驱动数2 * 线网N2的总电容
= 2 * 0.07 = 0.14ns = 140ps
输出端口 OUTP 的转换时间 = 驱动电阻UBUF2/Z * 线网N1的总电容
= 1 * 0.17 = 0.17ns = 170ps
还可以为设计指定其他设计规则检查。set_max_fanout(指定设计中所有引脚的fanout限制),set_max_area(用于设计);然而,这些检查只适用于 synthesis ,而不适用于STA。
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