Pyqt5 rapid development and practice 5.2 container: load more controls

PyQt5 Rapid development and actual combat

5. The first 5 Chapter PyQt5 Advanced interface controls

5.2 Containers ： Load more controls

How to load more controls in the existing window space .

5.2.1 QTabWidget

QTabWidget Control provides a tab and a page area , The first tab page is displayed by default . You can view the corresponding page by clicking each tab . If there are many input fields displayed in one window , You can split these fields , Placed in tabs on different pages .

QTabWidget Common methods in class

Method	describe
addTab()	Add a control to Tab Control
insertTab()	Will a Tab The tab of the control is inserted into the specified location
removeTab()	Divide according to the specified index Tab Control
setCurrentIndex()	Set the index of the currently visible tab
setCurrentWidget()	Set the currently visible page
setTabBar()	Set the gizmo of the tab bar
setTabPosition()	Set the location of the tab :QTabWidgct.North, Displayed at the top of the page ;QTabWidget.South, Displayed at the bottom of the page ;QTabWidget.West, Displayed on the left side of the page ;QTabWidget.East, Displayed on the right side of the page
setTabText()	Definition Tab Display value of tab

QTabWidget Class

The signal	describe
currentChanged	Transmit this signal when switching the current page

Case study ——QTabWidget Use

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class TabDemo(QTabWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(TabDemo, self).__init__(parent)
        self.tab1 = QWidget()
        self.tab2 = QWidget()
        self.tab3 = QWidget()
        self.addTab(self.tab1, "Tab 1")
        self.addTab(self.tab2, "Tab 2")
        self.addTab(self.tab3, "Tab 3")
        self.tab1UI()
        self.tab2UI()
        self.tab3UI()
        self.setWindowTitle("Tab  Example ")

    def tab1UI(self):
        layout = QFormLayout()
        layout.addRow(" full name ", QLineEdit())
        layout.addRow(" Address ", QLineEdit())
        self.setTabText(0, " Contact information ")
        self.tab1.setLayout(layout)

    def tab2UI(self):
        layout = QFormLayout()
        sex = QHBoxLayout()
        sex.addWidget(QRadioButton(" male "))
        sex.addWidget(QRadioButton(" Woman "))
        layout.addRow(QLabel(" Gender "), sex)
        layout.addRow(" Birthday ", QLineEdit())
        self.setTabText(1, " Personal details ")
        self.tab2.setLayout(layout)

    def tab3UI(self):
        layout = QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(QLabel(" subject "))
        layout.addWidget(QCheckBox(" Physics "))
        layout.addWidget(QCheckBox(" Advanced Mathematics "))
        self.setTabText(2, " Education level ")
        self.tab3.setLayout(layout)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from pyqt5_plugins.examples.exampleqmlitem import QtCore
    QtCore.QCoreApplication.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = TabDemo()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

5.2.2 QStackedWidget

QStackedWidget Is a stack window control , You can fill in some widgets , But only one widget can be displayed at a time .OStackedWidget Use QStackedLayout Layout .QStackedWidget Control and QTabWidget similar , It can effectively display the controls in the window .

Case study ——QTabWidget Use

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class StackedExample(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(StackedExample, self).__init__()
        self.setGeometry(300, 50, 10, 10)
        self.setWindowTitle('StackedWidget  Example ')

        self.leftlist = QListWidget()
        self.leftlist.insertItem(0, ' Contact information ')
        self.leftlist.insertItem(1, ' Personal information ')
        self.leftlist.insertItem(2, ' Education level ')
        self.stack1 = QWidget()
        self.stack2 = QWidget()
        self.stack3 = QWidget()
        self.stack1UI()
        self.stack2UI()
        self.stack3UI()
        self.Stack = QStackedWidget(self)
        self.Stack.addWidget(self.stack1)
        self.Stack.addWidget(self.stack2)
        self.Stack.addWidget(self.stack3)
        hbox = QHBoxLayout(self)
        hbox.addWidget(self.leftlist)
        hbox.addWidget(self.Stack)
        self.setLayout(hbox)
        self.leftlist.currentRowChanged.connect(self.display)

    def stack1UI(self):
        layout = QFormLayout()
        layout.addRow(" full name ", QLineEdit())
        layout.addRow(" Address ", QLineEdit())
        self.stack1.setLayout(layout)

    def stack2UI(self):
        layout = QFormLayout()
        sex = QHBoxLayout()
        sex.addWidget(QRadioButton(" male "))
        sex.addWidget(QRadioButton(" Woman "))
        layout.addRow(QLabel(" Gender "), sex)
        layout.addRow(" Birthday ", QLineEdit())
        self.stack2.setLayout(layout)

    def stack3UI(self):
        layout = QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(QLabel(" subject "))
        layout.addWidget(QCheckBox(" Physics "))
        layout.addWidget(QCheckBox(" Advanced Mathematics "))
        self.stack3.setLayout(layout)

    def display(self, i):
        self.Stack.setCurrentIndex(i)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from pyqt5_plugins.examples.exampleqmlitem import QtCore
    QtCore.QCoreApplication.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = StackedExample()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

5.2.3 QDockWidget

QDock Widget Is one that can dock at QMainWindow Window controls in , It can be kept floating or attached to the main window as a child window at a specified position .QMainWindow The main window object of class retains an area for docking the window , This area is around the center of the control .

QDockWidget Control can be moved to a new area in the main window .

QDockWidget Common methods in class ：

Method	describe
setWidget()	stay Dock Window locale QWidget
setFloating()	Set up Dock Whether the window can float , If set to True, It means that it can float
setAllowedAreas()	Set the area where the window can dock ;LeftDockWidget.Area, Left docking area ;RightDockWidgetArea, Right docking area ;TopDockWidgetArea, Top docking area ;BottomDockWidgetArea, Bottom docking area ;NoDockWidgetArea, No display Widget;
setFeatures()	Set the function properties of the docked window ;DockWidgetClosable, Can be turned off ;DockWidgetMovable, Movable ;DockWidgetFloatable, Floatable ;DockWidget VerticalTitleBar, Display the vertical tab bar on the left ;AllDockWidgetFeatures, All functions with the first three attributes ;NoDockWidgetFeatures, Unable to close , Can't move , Can't float ;

Case study ——QDockWidget Use

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *

class DockDemo(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self,parent = None):
        super(DockDemo, self).__init__(parent)
        layout = QHBoxLayout()
        bar = self.menuBar()
        file = bar.addMenu("File")
        file.addAction("New")
        file.addAction("save")
        file.addAction("quit")
        self.items = QDockWidget("Dockable",self)
        self.listWidget = QListWidget()
        self.listWidget.addItem("Item1")
        self.listWidget.addItem("Item2")
        self.listWidget.addItem("Item3")

        self.items.setWidget(self.listWidget)
        self.items.setFloating(False)

        self.setCentralWidget(QTextEdit())
        self.addDockWidget(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea,self.items)
        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.setWindowTitle("Dock Case study ")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from pyqt5_plugins.examples.exampleqmlitem import QtCore
    QtCore.QCoreApplication.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = DockDemo()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

5.2.4 Multi document interface

A typical GUI The application may have multiple windows , Tab controls and stack window controls allow you to use one of them at a time . However , Many times this method is not very useful , Because the views of other windows are hidden .

One way to display multiple windows at the same time is , Create multiple independent windows , These separate windows are called SDI (Single Document Interface, Single document interface ), Each window can have its own menu system 、 Toolbars, etc . This requires more memory resources .

MDI (Multiple Document Interface, Multi document interface ） Applications use less memory resources , Child windows can be placed in the main window container , This container control is called QMdiArea.

QMidArea Controls usually occupy QMainWindow The central position of the object , The child window in this area is QMdiSubWindow Class , You can set any QWidget Internal controls as child window objects , Child window in MDI Areas are arranged in cascading arrangement .

QMdiArea Classes and QMdiSubWindow Common methods in class ：

Method	describe
addSubWindow()	Add a widget to MDI Area as a new sub window
removeSubWindow()	Delete a widget in a child window
setActiveSubWindow()	Activate a child window
cascadeSubWindow()	Schedule child windows in MDI Area cascading display
tileSubWindows()	Schedule child windows in MDI Area tile
closeActiveSubWindow()	Close the active child window
subWindowList()	return MDI A list of child windows of the area
setWidget()	Set a widget as QMdiSubwindow Internal control of instance object

Case study —— Multi document interface

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    count = 0

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
        self.mdi = QMdiArea()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.mdi)
        bar = self.menuBar()
        file = bar.addMenu("File")
        file.addAction("New")
        file.addAction("cascade")
        file.addAction("Tiled")
        file.triggered[QAction].connect(self.windowaction)
        self.setWindowTitle("MDI demo")

    def windowaction(self, q):
        print("triggered")

        if q.text() == "New":
            MainWindow.count = MainWindow.count + 1
            sub = QMdiSubWindow()
            sub.setWidget(QTextEdit())
            sub.setWindowTitle("subwindow" + str(MainWindow.count))
            self.mdi.addSubWindow(sub)
            sub.show()
        if q.text() == "cascade":
            self.mdi.cascadeSubWindows()
        if q.text() == "Tiled":
            self.mdi.tileSubWindows()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from pyqt5_plugins.examples.exampleqmlitem import QtCore
    QtCore.QCoreApplication.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = MainWindow()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

5.2.5 QScrollBar

You can see , What the previous window controls have in common is to create new windows to load more controls , and QScrollBar Provides another way of thinking : This window control provides a horizontal or vertical scroll bar , This can expand the effective loading area of the current window , To load more controls .

QScrollBar Class ：

The signal	meaning
valueChanged	This signal is emitted when the value of the slider changes
sliderMoved	This signal is sent when the user drags the slider

Case study ——QScrollBar

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class Example(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Example, self).__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        self.l1 = QLabel(" Drag the slider to change the color ")
        self.l1.setFont(QFont("Arial", 16))
        hbox.addWidget(self.l1)
        self.s1 = QScrollBar()
        self.s1.setMaximum(255)
        self.s1.sliderMoved.connect(self.sliderval)
        self.s2 = QScrollBar()
        self.s2.setMaximum(255)
        self.s2.sliderMoved.connect(self.sliderval)
        self.s3 = QScrollBar()
        self.s3.setMaximum(255)
        self.s3.sliderMoved.connect(self.sliderval)
        hbox.addWidget(self.s1)
        hbox.addWidget(self.s2)
        hbox.addWidget(self.s3)
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
        self.setWindowTitle('QScrollBar  Example ')
        self.setLayout(hbox)

    def sliderval(self):
        print(self.s1.value(), self.s2.value(), self.s3.value())
        palette = QPalette()
        c = QColor(self.s1.value(), self.s2.value(), self.s3.value(), 255)
        palette.setColor(QPalette.Foreground, c)
        self.l1.setPalette(palette)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from pyqt5_plugins.examples.exampleqmlitem import QtCore
    QtCore.QCoreApplication.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.AA_EnableHighDpiScaling)
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = Example()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())