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解决控制文件全部损坏的异常

2022-07-28 21:35:00 【51CTO】

数据库：Oracle 11.2.0.4

系统：CentOS 7.9

实验目标：模拟控制文件全部损坏，并提供解决方案.

1、控制文件损坏前数据

       
       SQL> show parameter control
       
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
       
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
       
control_file_record_keep_time        integer          7
       
control_files                        string          /data/orcl/control01.ctl, /u01
       
                                                     /app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
       
                                                     /orcl/control02.ctl
       
control_management_pack_access       string          DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING
       
SQL> select b.thread#,a.group#,a.member,bytes/1024/1024,b.members from v$logfile a,v$log b where a.group#=b.group#
       
   THREAD#     GROUP# MEMBER                         BYTES/1024/1024    MEMBERS
       
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ --------------- ----------
       
         1          2 /data/orcl/redo02.log                       50          2
       
         1          2 /data/orcl/redo02b.log                      50          2
       
         1          1 /data/orcl/redo01.log                       50          2
       
         1          1 /data/orcl/redo01b.log                      50          2
       
         2          3 /data/orcl/redo03.log                       50          2
       
         2          3 /data/orcl/redo03b.log                      50          2
       
         2          4 /data/orcl/redo04.log                       50          2
       
         2          4 /data/orcl/redo04b.log                      50          2
       
8 rows selected.
       
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
       
NAME
       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       
/data/orcl/system.256.1107818145
       
/data/orcl/sysaux.257.1107818147
       
/data/orcl/undotbs1.258.1107818147
       
/data/orcl/users.259.1107818147
       
/data/orcl/undotbs2.267.1107818231
       
/data/orcl/system.319.1110101255
       
6 rows selected.
       
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
       
NAME
       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp02.dbf
       
SQL> archive log list;
       
Database log mode              Archive Mode
       
Automatic archival             Enabled
       
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
       
Oldest online log sequence      22
       
Next log sequence to archive     23
       
Current log sequence           23
       
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
       
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
       
----------------------------------------------------
       
AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252
      
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2、模拟控制文件损坏

2.1、关闭数据库

       
       SQL> shutdown immediate
       
Database closed.
       
Database dismounted.
       
ORACLE instance shut down.
      
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2.2、删除所有控制文件

       
       [[email protected] orcl]$ mv /data/orcl/control01.ctl /data/orcl/control01bak.ctl
       
[[email protected] orcl]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02bak.ctl
      
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启动数据库报错

       
       SQL> startup
       
ORACLE instance started.
       
Total System Global Area 3006406656 bytes
       
Fixed Size                  2257032 bytes
       
Variable Size             704647032 bytes
       
Database Buffers         2281701376 bytes
       
Redo Buffers               17801216 bytes
       
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
      
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说明：此处成功模拟出控制文件全部丢失无法启动数据库的异常情况.

3、解决方案：

说明：如果在数据库还未关闭的的情况下，发现控制文件损坏，可以使用命令将重建控制文件的脚本输出到trace文件中，方便控制文件的重建.

语句：alter database backup controlfile to trace;

重建控制文件

       
       SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
       
    MAXLOGFILES 192
       
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
       
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
       
    MAXINSTANCES 32
       
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
       
LOGFILE
       
  GROUP 1 (
       
    '/data/orcl/redo01.log',
       
    '/data/orcl/redo01b.log'
       
  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
       
  GROUP 2 (
       
    '/data/orcl/redo02.log',
       
    '/data/orcl/redo02b.log'
       
  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
       
  GROUP 3 (
       
    '/data/orcl/redo03.log',
       
    '/data/orcl/redo03b.log'
       
  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
       
  GROUP 4 (
       
    '/data/orcl/redo04.log',
       
    '/data/orcl/redo04b.log'
       
  ) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
       
DATAFILE
       
  '/data/orcl/system.256.1107818145',
       
  '/data/orcl/sysaux.257.1107818147',
       
  '/data/orcl/undotbs1.258.1107818147',
       
  '/data/orcl/users.259.1107818147',
       
  '/data/orcl/undotbs2.267.1107818231',
       
  '/data/orcl/system.319.1110101255'
       
CHARACTER SET WE8MSWIN1252
       
;
       
Control file created.
       
SQL> select status from v$database;
       
STATUS
       
------------
       
MOUNTED
       
SQL> alter database open;
       
Database altered.
       
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
       
no rows selected
       
SQL> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile '/data/orcl/temp01.dbf' size 50m autoextend on;
       
Tablespace created.
       
SQL> show parameter control
       
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
       
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
       
control_file_record_keep_time        integer         7
       
control_files                        string          /data/orcl/control01.ctl, /u01
       
                                                     /app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
       
                                                     /orcl/control02.ctl
      




























































系统层面查看控制文件，如下所示：控制文件已恢复到原目录.

       
       [[email protected] orcl]$ ll
       
total 3654896
       
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin  18530304 Jul 28 16:22 control01bak.ctl
       
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin  18825216 Jul 28 16:34 control01.ctl
       
[[email protected] orcl]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/
       
total 36480
       
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 18530304 Jul 28 16:22 control02bak.ctl
       
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 18825216 Jul 28 16:37 control02.ctl
      
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说明：如果控制文件存在备份，那么最好使用备份的控制文件进行恢复.此处用的是数据库未关闭时生成的控制文件进行的重建.试想一下，如果数据库处于关闭状态，而此时发现控制文件全部丢失，作为DBA应该怎么办？这时就需要去数据文件、redo文件相应的目录下，每个文件进行比对编写重建控制文件的脚本.

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版权声明
本文为[51CTO]所创，转载请带上原文链接，感谢
https://blog.51cto.com/u_12991611/5523795

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