[cloud native | kubernetes] actual combat of ingress case

List of articles

Ingress Case actual combat

One 、 Basic configuration

Two 、 Default backend

3、 ... and 、 The path to rewrite

Four 、 To configure SSL

5、 ... and 、 The speed limit

6、 ... and 、 Grayscale Publishing -Canary

7、 ... and 、 Conversation retention -Session Affinity

---

Ingress Case actual combat

One 、 Basic configuration

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: itlanson-ingress
  namespace: default
spec:
  rules:
  - host: itlanson.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:  ##  Specify the back-end service that needs to respond 
          service:
            name: my-nginx-svc  ## kubernetes Clustered svc name 
            port:
              number: 80  ## service Port number 

• pathType detailed ：

  • Prefix： Based on / separated URL Path prefix matching . Matching is case sensitive , And complete the elements in the path one by one . The path element refers to the path element created by / List of labels in the path separated by the separator . If each p All request paths p Element prefix of , Then request and path p matching .

  • Exact： Exactly match URL route , And case sensitive .

  • ImplementationSpecific： For this path type , The matching method depends on IngressClass. The specific implementation can regard it as a separate pathType Dealing with or relating to Prefix or Exact The type is treated the same .

ingress The rules will take effect to all in accordance with IngressController Of a machine nginx To configure .

Two 、 Default backend

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: itlanson-ingress
  namespace: default
spec:
  defaultBackend:  ##  Specify all unmatched default backend 
    service:
      name: php-apache
      port: 
        number: 80
  rules:
  - host: itlanson.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /abc
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: my-nginx-svc
            port:
              number: 80

effect

• itlanson.com Under the Not /abc All requests at the beginning , All will be here defaultBackend

• Not itlanson.com All requests under the domain name , It's going to be defaultBackend

nginx Global configuration for

kubectl edit cm ingress-nginx-controller -n  ingress-nginx

Edit configuration plus

data:
  Configuration item :   Configuration values  
  
All configuration item references  

https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/configmap
Based on the environment variable

3、 ... and 、 The path to rewrite

Rewrite - NGINX Ingress Controller

Rewrite function , It is often used in scenes with front and back separation

• The front end sends a message to the server / Request mapping front-end address .

• The back end sends a message to the server /api The request comes to the corresponding service . But back-end services don't /api Start path of , So we need to ingress-controller Automatic string cutting

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:  ##  Write well annotion
  #https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2  ###  Which part only 
  name: rewrite-ingress-02
  namespace: default
spec:
  rules:  ##  Write the rules 
  - host: itlanson.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          service: 
            name: php-apache
            port: 
              number: 80
        path: /api(/|$)(.*)
        pathType: Prefix

Four 、 To configure SSL

TLS/HTTPS - NGINX Ingress Controller

Generate Certificate ：（ You can also go to Qingyun to apply for a free certificate for configuration ）

$ openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout ${KEY_FILE:tls.key} -out ${CERT_FILE:tls.cert} -subj "/CN=${HOST:itlanson.com}/O=${HOST:itlanson.com}"

kubectl create secret tls ${CERT_NAME:itlanson-tls} --key ${KEY_FILE:tls.key} --cert ${CERT_FILE:tls.cert}


##  The example command is as follows 
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.cert -subj "/CN=it666.com/O=it666.com"

kubectl create secret tls it666-tls --key tls.key --cert tls.cert

apiVersion: v1
data:
  tls.crt: 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
  tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCk1JSUV2QUlCQURBTkJna3Foa2lHOXcwQkFRRUZBQVNDQktZd2dnU2lBZ0VBQW9JQkFRQ25DWGtMNjdlYzNjYW4KSFNVdlQ0emF2ZjBqbDhBT1pQbVBEYXVBUUxJRG8vNC85YVdiT0svcmZuTnpVV1d5U0RQam96WVRWa2xmQTZYRAptcUVORUlkR0ZYY3RMU0pUTUZDOWNqTHk5cGFRWmg1WHpmSHdGaGV2QkdSdzJpSTV3VXZOYkxnVmNzcmRlNXlKCjBGWDhZTGRUYXY4Ym84Y016cTdhamV4VzFnNXZMZk1mYXMwL3dlclZPUHNGZkt0cGdXcEljMTFxekx6RnlmWHMKY3FTYVU1djRaOVhxakI0bUI4WWdON1NhUmtqc1NFbEhVOEl4RDRHUzlLUzRrZEdsWWpOOVdoTnB6aG5MdllpSAoyK2U4UFhPS3VPMCtiZWtTK0t5VEtoZzZxVittZFkzdDFiRnp6QnYxTjU1aG0zUE5XYzZPUTk4d0YrQk9uUUNhClhMSlZkUXEvQWdNQkFBRUNnZ0VBTDZ0Tlp6Q0MrdnB6cWRkd2VEcjhtS1JsckpXdkVxeVFaOW5mMnI4Ynpsd3IKdi9jTHB1dWJrTnBLZWx0OWFVNmZ1RlFvcDRZVmRFOG5MRlpocGNmVXd4UjNLV1piQ0dDZWVpSXdGaFIzVFloSApHb25FaE43WkxYSlVjN3hjemh5eTFGSTFpckZ5NFpoWVNTQXltYzdFSXNORFFKRVJ5ajdsdWF1TkNnOFdtWFdPCmd0OHIzZHVTazNHV2ZZeGdWclFZSHlGTVpCbUpvNDliRzVzdGcwR01JNUZRQXord3RERlIyaWk2NkVkNzBJOUwKYXJNMHpQZkM3Tk1acmhEcHVseVdVYWNXRDY1V1g1Yys5TnpIMW15MEVrbjJGOWQzNXE1czZRakdTVElMVXlhbwpJUVl5bGU0OVdKdlV4YjN2YTZ1OTVBUHAyWFFVaFEyS09GcGxabncwTVFLQmdRRFN2cDAzYlBvQVlEb3BqWGlxCndxemxKdk9IY2M4V3ZhVytoM0tvVFBLZ1dRZWpvVnNZTFEzM2lMeXdFY0FXaWtoSzE2UjVmTkt5VUFRZ2JDNm4KNTdkcUJ3L1RqYlV2UGR6K0llMnNKN1BlSlpCQktXZUNHNjBOeGgzUDVJcSsxRHVjdExpQTBKdVZyOUlaUzdqSApJOVpUMitDMTNlNkRlZkJaajFDb0ZhemJ1UUtCZ1FESzZCaVkzSk5FYVhmWVpKUzh1NFViVW9KUjRhUURBcmlpCjFGRlEzMDFPOEF0b1A2US9IcjFjbTdBNGZkQ3JoSkxPMFNqWnpldnF4NEVHSnBueG5pZGowL24yTHE3Z2x6Q2UKbVlKZFVVVFo0MkxJNGpWelBlUk1RaGhueW9CTHpmaEFYcEtZSU1NcmpTd1JUcnYyclRpQkhxSEZRbDN6YngvKwptcjdEVWtlR053S0JnRllPdEpDUGxiOVZqQ3F2dEppMmluZkE0aTFyRWcvTlBjT0IrQlkxNWRZSXhRL1NzaW83Cks3cnJRWEg4clo0R3RlS3FFR1h6ek80M3NwZXkxWktIRXVUZklWMVlQcWFkOG9Kc1JHdktncTZ5VkNmbnluYmMKNmx2M2pQRDUrSlpZZ0VkTG5SUXRHM3VTb283bDF2eXE2N2l1enlJMUVGTHNGblBjRENtM1FERXhBb0dBSDQrdQprOGhybDg2WDk2N2RlK1huTkhMSEZwbDBlNHRtME4wWnNPeXJCOFpLMy9KV1NBTXVEVU9pUzRjMmVCZHRCb0orClNqSy9xWXRTeEhRb3FlNmh6ZU5oRkN2Nnc3Q0F2WXEvUG1pdnZ2eWhsd0dvc3I1RHpxRFJUd091cFJ2cXE0aUsKWU9ObnVGU0RNRVlBOHNQSzhEcWxpeHRocGNYNVFnOHI4UkhSVWswQ2dZQlF3WFdQU3FGRElrUWQvdFg3dk1mTwp3WDdWTVFMK1NUVFA4UXNRSFo2djdpRlFOL3g3Vk1XT3BMOEp6TDdIaGdJV3JzdkxlV1pubDh5N1J3WnZIbm9zCkY3dkliUm00L1Y1YzZHeFFQZXk5RXVmWUw4ejRGMWhSeUc2ZjJnWU1jV25NSWpnaUh2dTA3cStuajFORkh4YVkKa2ZSSERia01YaUcybU42REtyL3RtQT09Ci0tLS0tRU5EIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0K
kind: Secret
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2022-06-10T12:06:22Z"
  name: it666-tls
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "2264722"
  uid: 16f8a4b6-1600-4ded-8458-b0480ce075ba
type: kubernetes.io/tls

  Configure domain name usage certificate

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: itlanson-ingress
  namespace: default
spec:
  tls:
   - hosts:
     - itlanson.com
     secretName: itlanson-tls
  rules:
  - host: itlanson.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: my-nginx-svc
            port:
              number: 80

Configure the certificate , Access to the domain name , Will default to https

5、 ... and 、 The speed limit

Annotations - NGINX Ingress Controller

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-222333
  namespace: default
  annotations:  ## annotation 
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: "1"   ###  Current limiting configuration 
spec:
  defaultBackend: ##  As long as the mapping path is not specified 
    service:
      name: php-apache
      port:
        number: 80
  rules:
  - host: it666.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /bbbbb
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: cluster-service-222
            port:
              number: 80

6、 ... and 、 Grayscale Publishing -Canary

Used to be able to use k8s Of Service coordination Deployment Deploy canaries . The principle is as follows

shortcoming ：

• Cannot customize grayscale logic , For example, specify the user to perform grayscale analysis

---

Now you can use Ingress Go gray . The principle is as follows

##  Use the following file to deploy two service edition .v1 Version returns nginx Default page ,v2 Version returns  11111
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: v1-service
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: v1-pod
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name:  v1-deploy
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app:  v1-deploy
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: v1-pod
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app:  v1-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name:  nginx
        image:  nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: canary-v2-service
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: canary-v2-pod
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name:  canary-v2-deploy
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app:  canary-v2-deploy
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: canary-v2-pod
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app:  canary-v2-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name:  nginx
        image:  registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lanson_k8s_images/nginx-test:env-msg

7、 ... and 、 Conversation retention -Session Affinity

https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/#session-affinityhttps://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/#session-affinity First visit ,ingress-nginx It will return to the browser Cookie, In the future, the browser will take this Cookie, Make sure the visit is always before arrival Pod;

##  Deploy one or three Pod Of Deployment And set up Service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: session-affinity
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: session-affinity
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - name: session-affinity
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name:  session-affinity
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app:  session-affinity
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: session-affinity
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app:  session-affinity
    spec:
      containers:
      - name:  session-affinity
        image:  nginx

  Write a session friendly ingress

###  Use each request to carry the same cookie, To identify whether it is the same session 
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: session-test
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/affinity: "cookie"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-name: "itlanson-session"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: it666.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /   ###  If the same function of this path under this domain name has been configured before , Take effect for the last time 
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: session-affinity   ###
            port:
              number: 80

---

• Blog home page ：https://lansonli.blog.csdn.net
• Welcome to thumb up Collection Leaving a message. Please correct any mistakes ！
• This paper is written by Lansonli original , First appeared in CSDN Blog
• When you stop to rest, don't forget that others are still running , I hope you will seize the time to learn , Go all out for a better life