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What is a temporal database ？ Time series database is a new concept in recent years , With the traditional Mysql Comparison of relational databases , Its biggest feature is ： Data is stored in chronological order .

for instance , Log data , It is stored in chronological order , So it is a good choice to use time series database to store . Use Mysql In the process of storage , This time-based data is not optimized , therefore , In the query 、 There are some bottlenecks in the insertion .

1、 Time series database InfluxDb

InfluxDB Is an open source database for storing and analyzing time series data . It is also the most used time series database .

2、InfluxDB Characteristics

InfluxDB It has a lot of characteristics , as follows ：

built-in HTTP Interface , Easy to use

Data can be tagged , In this way, the query can be very flexible

class SQL Query statement

Installation management is simple , And it's efficient to read and write data

Be able to query in real time , Data can be found immediately after being indexed at the time of writing

3、influxdb Data model

measurement： Tables in the database ;

points： A row of data in the table .

Point By time stamp （time）、 data （field） And labels （tags） form ：

time： Time of each data record , It is also the main index automatically generated by the database ;

fields： Values of various records ;

tags： All kinds of indexed properties .

temperature Namely measurement Represent a list . Each line represents a point internal extenal Is the value of two data indicators .tags Represents the location where the value is generated .

4、influxdb Timeline

series ： All the data in the database , All need to be shown in charts , Represents the data in the table , You can draw a few lines on the graph , adopt tags The permutation is calculated .

series It's some kind of specific tag Time series value set of a specific index under .

5、influxdb System architecture

Every database There can be multiple RP(retention policy Data retention strategy ), But there is only one default policy . Under the strategy, it is divided into multiple according to the time period ShardGroup, Every ShardGroup Store data for a period of time . Every shardgroup There are several shard To store data .

Two 、influxdb Installation

1.Windows Computer installation influxdb Time series database

windows1.8.3 edition

1、influxdb Unpack the installation

Download and unzip it directly , take influxdb Extract to a directory ：

There are several documents we need to remember ：

influxdb.conf It's a configuration file

influxd yes influx The main program of

2、 start-up influxdb database

adopt cmd Enter this directory , perform influxd.exe You can start ：

A reminder that you need the network may pop up , At this time, click allow access to the network .

3、 Create services

Click below nssm.exe Download to influxdb Directory ：

nssm.exe

（1） adopt cmd Enter this directory , perform nssm.exe install influxdb, Choose the path

choice influxd.exe

（2） stay Arguments fill -config ./influxdb.conf

（3） Open Task Manager , start-up influxdb service

3、 Start the client to test whether the server starts successfully

Through again cmd Enter this directory , perform influx.exe You can start ：

perform show databases, The client will connect to the default db, Pictured above , Displaying the corresponding database means influxdb It's working .

3、 ... and 、influxdb Basic operation

This time Linux Operation demonstration in

1、InfluxDB Database operation

Display database

show databases

explain ：_internal The database is used to store InfluxDB Internal real-time monitoring data .

Create database

create database test

Delete database

drop database kkkkk

Use the specified database

use mydb

2、InfluxDB Data table operation

stay InfluxDB among , There is no watch （table） The concept , In its place MEASUREMENTS,MEASUREMENTS The function of is consistent with the table in traditional database , So we can also put MEASUREMENTS be called InfluxDB In the table .

Show all tables

SHOW MEASUREMENTS

new table

InfluxDB There is no explicit statement to create a new table , Only through insert Data to create new tables .

insert cpu,host=serverA,region=us_west value=0.64

among cpu It's the name of the watch ,host、region It's the index （tags）,value=xx It's the record value （fields）, There can be more than one record value , The system automatically appends the timestamp

Query table data

select * from cpu

perform precision rfc3339 Change to international time , Time difference with Beijing 8 Hours

Delete table

drop measurement

3、 Data retention strategy （Retention Policies）

influxDB There is no way to delete data records directly , But provide data saving strategy , Mainly used to specify data retention time , Beyond the specified time , Just delete this part of data .（ Set statements similar to periodic cleanup ）

Retention policy syntax

CREATE RETENTION POLICY <retention_policy_name> ON <database_name> DURATION <duration> REPLICATION <n> [SHARD DURATION <duration>] [DEFAULT]

<retention_policy_name>： The name of the retention policy （ Customize ）
<database_name>： Create a retention policy for which database
<duration>： The data expiration time corresponding to the retention policy
REPLICATION： Copy factor SHARD DURATION： Default duration of tile group
[DEFAULT]： Whether it is the default policy

Create a data retention policy

CREATE RETENTION POLICY "influx_retention" ON "mydb" DURATION 30d REPLICATION 1 DEFAULT

influx_retention： Policy name ;
mydb： Specific database name ;
30d： preservation 30 God ,30 The data before days will be deleted ,influxdb There are various event parameters , such as ：h（ Hours ）,d（ God ）,w（ week / Zhou ）;
replication 1： Number of copies , It's usually 1 That's all right. ;
default： Set as default policy

View retention period

SHOW RETENTION POLICIES ON mydb

Modify the retention period

ALTER RETENTION POLICY "influx_retention" ON mydb DURATION 15d

Delete retention period

DROP RETENTION POLICY "influx_retention" ON mydb

4、 The user action

Show users

show users

Create user

【 Ordinary users 】 Create user and set password

CREATE USER tom WITH PASSWORD '123'

【 Administrator user 】

create user "tony" with password '123' with all privileges

Change user password

SET PASSWORD FOR tom = '123456'

Delete user

drop user admin

5、 Database access rights

User authorization

Authorize the user to operate the database

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON influxdb TO tom

Give users administrator privileges

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO tony

remarks ： Only use admin Permission to operate the database

Cancel the authorization

Revoke the user's database operation permission

Revoke ALL PRIVILEGES ON influxdb FROM tom

Revoke user administrator privileges

Revoke ALL PRIVILEGES FROM tony

Four 、influxdb Turn on user login authentication

1、 Turn on login authentication

stay influxdb The configuration file influxdb.conf in , Turn on user login authentication , stay http The module is modified as follows ：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf

[http] 
······ 
auth-enabled = true 

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart influxd #  You need to restart after modifying the configuration file  
#  stay Windows  in   Then you can   In Task Manager   Restart influxdb service