Rust Getting Started Guide (crite Management)

Rust Getting started （crate management ）

This paper is about 「Rust Getting started 」 The second part of the series . This article will focus on cargo cli Tools and Rust Package management system , Include ：

This paper mainly introduces cargo Command line and Rust Package management system , Include

• Search for crates
• Used in projects crates
• To configure crate
• install / Use cargo-watch

Rust You can refer to the previous article for the basic knowledge of Rust —  Getting started （rustup, cargo)

have access to https://geekcode.cloud One click creation of cloud development environment rust The environment quickly starts the following content .

The following content defaults that you have read the content of the previous article , And in https://geekcode.cloud Experienced rustc and rustup.

Crates

crates Namely Rust package . Generated crates Registered in crates.io On the warehouse , We can do it in crates.io Find all crates.

Use cargo The command to search crate. for example , To search and sql dependent crates :

$ cargo search sql

search The result of the command shows the relevant crate Name and version number ：

Use Crates

Put what you need crates Add to Cargo.toml In file .

Use $ cargo new {project_name} Created Cargo.toml Content ：

[package]
name = "hello_world"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2022"# See more keys and their definitions athttps://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html[dependencies]

edit Cargo.toml file , Add the search above sql create:

[package]
name = "hello_world"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018"# See more keys and their definitions athttps://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html[dependencies]
sql = "0.4.3"           <-- Add dependency here

Be careful ,Cargo Dependencies and SemVer Syntax is fully compatible , Allow selective updates on demand .

Crates、Git and Feature toggles

Cargo There are powerful functions to obtain crates . You can specify in different ways crate .

Standard way ：

[dependencies]
bracket-lib = “~0.8.1”

Appoint Git Warehouse ：

[dependencies]
bracket-lib ={ git = "https://github.com/thebracket/bracket-lib" }

Use feature toggles , In the following example , Use bracket-lib , But disable the default rendering engine and use vulkan engine -

[dependencies]
bracket-lib = {
  git = "https://github.com/thebracket/bracket-lib",
  default-features = false,
  features = [ "amethyst_engine_vulkan" ]
}

Source （Source） And binary Crates

C# or NPM The engineer , You will notice that you are adding crate Post run $ cargo build Console output when ：

Compiling sql v0.4.3
Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (/Users/gian/hello_world)
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.99s

majority Rust crate Are based on source code , When adding to a local project ,cargo Will automatically get the source code , Then compile on the platform crate.

If you specify a different target platform ,cargo Will recompile all crate.

Cargo Installation Support binary crates, Specific to crates It's an executable . therefore cargo obtain 、 Compile and then install the generated executable .

To install binary crate, You can use cargo:

$ cargo install {crate_name}

Be careful ： Use cargo install Only binary crate. You cannot use this command to install / Add routine crate.

Please see the following cargo-watch An example of .

Cargo-watch

For most crate, You can add them directly to Cargo.toml. use first cargo search Command to find the latest version , Or go directly to crates.io, but You can't Use cargo install.

however , If installed crate yes Binary system crate, Then only use cargo install Can get 、 Compile and install crate For your use .

Be careful ： And others crate Different , Install binary crate Only once （ Unless you need to update the binary crate Version of ）.

Updating crates.io index
Ignored package `cargo-watch v7.8.1` is already installed, use --force to override

cargo-watch Used to monitor file changes in the project and run commands .

install cargo-watch ：

$ cargo install cargo-watch

After installation , Can be accessed immediately cargo-watch Tools ：

$ cargo-watch -x build

This command will start a process to monitor the changes of files in the project , under these circumstances , Automatically run when changes are detected cargo build.

You can link multiple commands together like this -

$ cargo-watch -x fmt -x test

If you have installed Rust linter, But it triggers linter, Then run any tests every time the file changes ！

You can use cargo-watch Do more , So please check cargo-watch crate file .

summary

Rust crates It is not particularly different from most other packaging systems , But as mentioned above , There are few things to pay attention to .

cargo-watch crate It's binary crate Example , It is also a very convenient utility , When you are in VSCode When you are developing in and want to give immediate feedback on code changes .

There are many other useful crates stay crates.io On .

keep rusty！

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