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FFmpeg 视频添加水印
2022-07-26 04:24:00 【Mr.codeee】
1.简介
本示例，在视频中添加一个logo图片，把添加水印好的图片保存到本地。
2.流程
2.1打开输入的文件
首先打开输入的视频文件，查找到视频流索引，找到对应的视频解码器，拷贝一些重要的参数到解码器，最后打开解码器。
//av_register_all();
avformat_network_init();
///打开输入的流
int ret = avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, filename, NULL, NULL);
if (ret != 0)
{
printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n");
return -1;
}
//查找流信息
if (avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL) < 0)
{
printf("Couldn't find stream information.\n");
return -1;
}
//找到视频流索引
video_index = av_find_best_stream(fmt_ctx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, NULL, 0);
AVStream* st = fmt_ctx->streams[video_index];
AVCodec* codec = nullptr;
//找到解码器
codec = avcodec_find_decoder(st->codecpar->codec_id);
if (!codec)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
return -1;
}
//申请AVCodecContext
dec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
if (!dec_ctx)
{
return -1;
}
avcodec_parameters_to_context(dec_ctx, fmt_ctx->streams[video_index]->codecpar);
//打开解码器
if ((ret = avcodec_open2(dec_ctx, codec, NULL) < 0))
{
return -1;
}
return 0;2.2初始化滤镜
2.2.1获取滤镜处理的源
获得滤镜处理的源及滤镜处理的sink滤镜，同时申请输入和输出的滤镜结构AVFilterInOut。
const AVFilter* buffersrc = avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");
const AVFilter* buffersink = avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink");
AVFilterInOut* outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
AVFilterInOut* inputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();2.2.2处理AVFilterGraph
需要的AVFilter和AVFilterInOut申请完成之后，需要申请一个AVFilterGraph，用来存储Filter的in和out描述信息
AVFilterGraph* filter_graph = NULL;
filter_graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
if (!outputs || !inputs || !filter_graph)
{
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
return ret;
}2.2.3创建AVFilterContext
接下来创建一个AVFilterContext结构用来存储Filter的处理内容，包括input与output的Filter信息，在创建input信息时，需要加入原视频的相关信息，比如pix_fmt、time_base等。
首先输入参数：
char args[512];
snprintf(args, sizeof(args),
"video_size=%dx%d:pix_fmt=%d:time_base=%d/%d:pixel_aspect=%d/%d",
dec_ctx->width, dec_ctx->height, dec_ctx->pix_fmt,
time_base.num, time_base.den,
dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.num, dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.den);然后创建AVFilterContext：
AVFilterContext* buffersink_ctx = NULL;
AVFilterContext* buffersrc_ctx = NULL;
ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersrc_ctx, buffersrc, "in",
args, NULL, filter_graph);
if (ret < 0)
{
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create buffer source\n");
return ret;
}
/* buffer video sink: to terminate the filter chain. */
ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersink_ctx, buffersink, "out",
NULL, NULL, filter_graph);
if (ret < 0)
{
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create buffer sink\n");
return ret;
}2.2.4设置其他参数
创建完输入与输出的AVFilterContext之后，如果还需要设置一些其他与Filter相关的参数。可以通过使用av_opt_set_int_list进行设置，例如设置输出的pix_fmt参数。
ret = av_opt_set_int_list(buffersink_ctx, "pix_fmts", pix_fmts,
AV_PIX_FMT_NONE, AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
if (ret < 0)
{
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot set output pixel format\n");
return ret;
}2.2.5建立滤镜解析器
参数设置完毕后，可以针对前面设置的Filter相关的内容建立滤镜解析器。
const char* filter_descr = "movie=logo.jpg[wm];[in][wm]overlay=5:5[out]";
outputs->name = av_strdup("in");
outputs->filter_ctx = buffersrc_ctx;
outputs->pad_idx = 0;
outputs->next = NULL;
inputs->name = av_strdup("out");
inputs->filter_ctx = buffersink_ctx;
inputs->pad_idx = 0;
inputs->next = NULL;
if ((ret = avfilter_graph_parse_ptr(filter_graph, filters_descr,
&inputs, &outputs, NULL)) < 0)
{
return ret;
}
if ((ret = avfilter_graph_config(filter_graph, NULL)) < 0)
{
return ret;
}2.3读取数据解码并获取到添加好水印的数据。
while (av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, pkt) >= 0)
{
if (pkt->stream_index == video_index)
{
int ret = avcodec_send_packet(dec_ctx, pkt);
if (ret >= 0)
{
ret = avcodec_receive_frame(dec_ctx, frame);
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
{
continue;
}
else if (ret < 0)
{
continue;
}
frame->pts = frame->best_effort_timestamp;
/* push the decoded frame into the filtergraph */
if (av_buffersrc_add_frame_flags(buffersrc_ctx, frame, AV_BUFFERSRC_FLAG_KEEP_REF) < 0)
{
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error while feeding the filtergraph\n");
break;
}
/* pull filtered frames from the filtergraph */
while (1)
{
ret = av_buffersink_get_frame(buffersink_ctx, filt_frame);
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
break;
if (ret < 0)
break;
switch (dec_ctx->pix_fmt)
{
case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:
{
int size = av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, filt_frame->width, filt_frame->height, 1);
char fileName[20] = { 0 };
sprintf(fileName, "img2/%d.yuv", dec_ctx->frame_number);
FILE* fp;
fp = fopen(fileName, "wb");
for (int i = 0; i < filt_frame->height; i++)
{
fwrite(filt_frame->data[0] + filt_frame->linesize[0] * i, 1, filt_frame->width, fp);
}
for (int i = 0; i < filt_frame->height / 2; i++)
{
fwrite(filt_frame->data[1] + filt_frame->linesize[1] * i, 1, filt_frame->width / 2, fp);
}
for (int i = 0; i < filt_frame->height / 2; i++)
{
fwrite(filt_frame->data[2] + filt_frame->linesize[2] * i, 1, filt_frame->width / 2, fp);
}
fclose(fp);
}
break;
default:
return -1;
}
av_frame_unref(filt_frame);
}
av_frame_unref(frame);
}
}
}3.效果
logo图如下
效果图如下，可以看见添加到了左上角。
4.源码
#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
extern "C"
{
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavutil/dict.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "libavutil/timestamp.h"
#include "libavutil/avutil.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
#include "libswresample/swresample.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "libavfilter/avfilter.h"
#include "libavfilter/buffersink.h"
#include "libavfilter/buffersrc.h"
};
static AVFormatContext* fmt_ctx = NULL;
static AVCodecContext* dec_ctx = NULL;
AVFilterContext* buffersink_ctx = NULL;
AVFilterContext* buffersrc_ctx = NULL;
AVFilterGraph* filter_graph = NULL;
int video_index = -1;
const char* filter_descr = "movie=logo.jpg[wm];[in][wm]overlay=5:5[out]";
static int64_t last_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
static int open_input_file(const char* filename)
{
//av_register_all();
avformat_network_init();
///打开输入的流
int ret = avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, filename, NULL, NULL);
if (ret != 0)
{
printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n");
return -1;
}
//查找流信息
if (avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL) < 0)
{
printf("Couldn't find stream information.\n");
return -1;
}
//找到视频流索引
video_index = av_find_best_stream(fmt_ctx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, NULL, 0);
AVStream* st = fmt_ctx->streams[video_index];
AVCodec* codec = nullptr;
//找到解码器
codec = avcodec_find_decoder(st->codecpar->codec_id);
if (!codec)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
return -1;
}
//申请AVCodecContext
dec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
if (!dec_ctx)
{
return -1;
}
avcodec_parameters_to_context(dec_ctx, fmt_ctx->streams[video_index]->codecpar);
//打开解码器
if ((ret = avcodec_open2(dec_ctx, codec, NULL) < 0))
{
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static int init_filters(const char* filters_descr)
{
char args[512];
int ret = 0;
const AVFilter* buffersrc = avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");
const AVFilter* buffersink = avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink");
AVFilterInOut* outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
AVFilterInOut* inputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
AVRational time_base = fmt_ctx->streams[video_index]->time_base;
enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmts[] = { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE };
filter_graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
if (!outputs || !inputs || !filter_graph)
{
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
return ret;
}
/* buffer video source: the decoded frames from the decoder will be inserted here. */
snprintf(args, sizeof(args),
"video_size=%dx%d:pix_fmt=%d:time_base=%d/%d:pixel_aspect=%d/%d",
dec_ctx->width, dec_ctx->height, dec_ctx->pix_fmt,
time_base.num, time_base.den,
dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.num, dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.den);
ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersrc_ctx, buffersrc, "in",
args, NULL, filter_graph);
if (ret < 0)
{
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create buffer source\n");
return ret;
}
/* buffer video sink: to terminate the filter chain. */
ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersink_ctx, buffersink, "out",
NULL, NULL, filter_graph);
if (ret < 0)
{
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create buffer sink\n");
return ret;
}
ret = av_opt_set_int_list(buffersink_ctx, "pix_fmts", pix_fmts,
AV_PIX_FMT_NONE, AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
if (ret < 0)
{
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot set output pixel format\n");
return ret;
}
outputs->name = av_strdup("in");
outputs->filter_ctx = buffersrc_ctx;
outputs->pad_idx = 0;
outputs->next = NULL;
inputs->name = av_strdup("out");
inputs->filter_ctx = buffersink_ctx;
inputs->pad_idx = 0;
inputs->next = NULL;
if ((ret = avfilter_graph_parse_ptr(filter_graph, filters_descr,
&inputs, &outputs, NULL)) < 0)
{
return ret;
}
if ((ret = avfilter_graph_config(filter_graph, NULL)) < 0)
{
return ret;
}
avfilter_inout_free(&inputs);
avfilter_inout_free(&outputs);
return ret;
}
int main()
{
///1.打开文件
const char* inputUrl = "test.mp4";
int ret = -1;
if ((ret = open_input_file(inputUrl) < 0))
{
return -1;
}
///2.初始化滤镜
if ((ret = init_filters(filter_descr)) < 0)
{
return -1;
}
AVPacket* pkt = av_packet_alloc();
//av_init_packet(pkt);
AVFrame* frame = av_frame_alloc();
AVFrame *filt_frame = av_frame_alloc();
while (av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, pkt) >= 0)
{
if (pkt->stream_index == video_index)
{
int ret = avcodec_send_packet(dec_ctx, pkt);
if (ret >= 0)
{
ret = avcodec_receive_frame(dec_ctx, frame);
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
{
continue;
}
else if (ret < 0)
{
continue;
}
frame->pts = frame->best_effort_timestamp;
/* push the decoded frame into the filtergraph */
if (av_buffersrc_add_frame_flags(buffersrc_ctx, frame, AV_BUFFERSRC_FLAG_KEEP_REF) < 0)
{
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error while feeding the filtergraph\n");
break;
}
/* pull filtered frames from the filtergraph */
while (1)
{
ret = av_buffersink_get_frame(buffersink_ctx, filt_frame);
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
break;
if (ret < 0)
break;
switch (dec_ctx->pix_fmt)
{
case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:
{
int size = av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, filt_frame->width, filt_frame->height, 1);
char fileName[20] = { 0 };
sprintf(fileName, "img2/%d.yuv", dec_ctx->frame_number);
FILE* fp;
fp = fopen(fileName, "wb");
for (int i = 0; i < filt_frame->height; i++)
{
fwrite(filt_frame->data[0] + filt_frame->linesize[0] * i, 1, filt_frame->width, fp);
}
for (int i = 0; i < filt_frame->height / 2; i++)
{
fwrite(filt_frame->data[1] + filt_frame->linesize[1] * i, 1, filt_frame->width / 2, fp);
}
for (int i = 0; i < filt_frame->height / 2; i++)
{
fwrite(filt_frame->data[2] + filt_frame->linesize[2] * i, 1, filt_frame->width / 2, fp);
}
fclose(fp);
}
break;
default:
return -1;
}
av_frame_unref(filt_frame);
}
av_frame_unref(frame);
}
}
}
avfilter_graph_free(&filter_graph);
avcodec_close(dec_ctx);
avcodec_free_context(&dec_ctx);
avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
av_frame_free(&frame);
av_frame_free(&filt_frame);
av_packet_free(&pkt);
return 0;
}
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