docker建立mysql:5.7版本指定路径挂载不上。

问题遇到的现象和发生背景

初学者，在docker上练习安装mysql数据库，使用了如下命令

docker run -d --name my-mysql -p 3307:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456  \ >-v /opt/my-docker/mysql/data:/var/liv/mysql  \>-v /opt/my-docker/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d  \>-v /opt/my-docker/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql \>mysql:5.7

执行结果如下：
第一，容器被建立且处于运行状态
第二，在宿主机指定目录下并未出现任何文件
第三，在volume容器卷中出现了一个mysql的匿名挂载

[[email protected] data]# docker run -d --name my-mysql -p 3307:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -v /opt/my-docker/mysql/data:/var/liv/mysql -v /opt/my-docker/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /opt/my-docker/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql mysql:5.7ca8ef7fe2dca5b7596f0511923453d28a361b73c759ee94652982f085750d547[[email protected] data]# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMESca8ef7fe2dca        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint..."   35 seconds ago      Up 34 seconds       33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp   my-mysql[[email protected] data]# cd /opt/my-docker/mysql/data[[email protected] data]# ll -atotal 0drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  6 Jun 26 23:28 .drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 43 Jun 26 23:28 ..[[email protected] data]# docker volume lsDRIVER              VOLUME NAMElocal               05866638dd852a4c289e11d8911ceb943b81de099d965b3523b22f6f0e2a5b10[[email protected] data]# docker volume inspect 05866638dd852a4c289e11d8911ceb943b81de099d965b3523b22f6f0e2a5b10[    {        "Driver": "local",        "Labels": null,        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/05866638dd852a4c289e11d8911ceb943b81de099d965b3523b22f6f0e2a5b10/_data",        "Name": "05866638dd852a4c289e11d8911ceb943b81de099d965b3523b22f6f0e2a5b10",        "Options": {},        "Scope": "local"    }][[email protected] data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/05866638dd852a4c289e11d8911ceb943b81de099d965b3523b22f6f0e2a5b10/_data[[email protected] _data]# ll -atotal 188484drwxrwxrwx 5 polkitd input      328 Jun 26 23:28 .drwxr-xr-x 3 root    root        19 Jun 26 23:28 ..-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input       56 Jun 26 23:28 auto.cnf-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 Jun 26 23:28 ca-key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 Jun 26 23:28 ca.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 Jun 26 23:28 client-cert.pem-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 Jun 26 23:28 client-key.pem-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input     1352 Jun 26 23:28 ib_buffer_pool-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 79691776 Jun 26 23:28 ibdata1-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 50331648 Jun 26 23:28 ib_logfile0-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 50331648 Jun 26 23:28 ib_logfile1-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 12582912 Jun 26 23:28 ibtmp1drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input     4096 Jun 26 23:28 mysqldrwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input     8192 Jun 26 23:28 performance_schema-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 Jun 26 23:28 private_key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input      452 Jun 26 23:28 public_key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 Jun 26 23:28 server-cert.pem-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 Jun 26 23:28 server-key.pemdrwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input     8192 Jun 26 23:28 sys

执行完成以后，容器被成功建立并运行。然后尝试在用远程数据库管理软件给这个数据库新建一个test库。

然后再查看volume中的那个匿名挂载文件夹，发现多了一个test。我觉得基本就可以确定，这个匿名挂载卷就是刚才我创建的mysql的挂载。

操作环境、软件版本等信息

操作系统是centos7.5 ，mysql是5.7 ，docker是1.13.1
容器日志：

[[email protected] _data]# docker logs my-mysql2022-06-26 15:28:34+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.38-1debian10 started.2022-06-26 15:28:34+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'2022-06-26 15:28:34+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.38-1debian10 started.2022-06-26 15:28:34+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files2022-06-26T15:28:34.359871Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2022-06-26T15:28:34.585836Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902022-06-26T15:28:34.626430Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2022-06-26T15:28:34.687497Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a47da3f0-f564-11ec-8158-0242ac110002.2022-06-26T15:28:34.688931Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.2022-06-26T15:28:34.847892Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.2022-06-26T15:28:34.847946Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.2022-06-26T15:28:34.848575Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.2022-06-26T15:28:34.871934Z 1 [Warning] [email protected] is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.2022-06-26 15:28:36+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Database files initialized2022-06-26 15:28:36+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Starting temporary server2022-06-26 15:28:36+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Waiting for server startup2022-06-26T15:28:36.945586Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2022-06-26T15:28:36.946863Z 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.7.38) starting as process 78 ...2022-06-26T15:28:36.951333Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available2022-06-26T15:28:36.951391Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2022-06-26T15:28:36.951395Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes2022-06-26T15:28:36.951397Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier2022-06-26T15:28:36.951399Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.112022-06-26T15:28:36.951403Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2022-06-26T15:28:36.951575Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of pools: 12022-06-26T15:28:36.951671Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2022-06-26T15:28:36.953542Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 128M, instances = 1, chunk size = 128M2022-06-26T15:28:36.970392Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2022-06-26T15:28:36.975428Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: If the mysqld execution user is authorized, page cleaner thread priority can be changed. See the man page of setpriority().2022-06-26T15:28:36.990544Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2022-06-26T15:28:36.999804Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables2022-06-26T15:28:36.999895Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...2022-06-26T15:28:37.023591Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.2022-06-26T15:28:37.024454Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 96 redo rollback segment(s) are active.2022-06-26T15:28:37.024497Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.2022-06-26T15:28:37.025410Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 5.7.38 started; log sequence number 27499762022-06-26T15:28:37.025650Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool2022-06-26T15:28:37.026357Z 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.2022-06-26T15:28:37.028742Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 220626 15:28:372022-06-26T15:28:37.034857Z 0 [Note] Found ca.pem, server-cert.pem and server-key.pem in data directory. Trying to enable SSL support using them.2022-06-26T15:28:37.034897Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of SSL certificates as certificate files are present in data directory.2022-06-26T15:28:37.034902Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.2022-06-26T15:28:37.034904Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.2022-06-26T15:28:37.035398Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.2022-06-26T15:28:37.035484Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as key files are present in data directory.2022-06-26T15:28:37.036595Z 0 [Warning] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.2022-06-26T15:28:37.044039Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events2022-06-26T15:28:37.044424Z 0 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.Version: '5.7.38'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 0  MySQL Community Server (GPL)2022-06-26 15:28:37+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Temporary server started.Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list' as time zone. Skipping it.Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.Warning: Unable to load '/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone1970.tab' as time zone. Skipping it.2022-06-26 15:28:39+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Stopping temporary server2022-06-26T15:28:39.655774Z 0 [Note] Giving 0 client threads a chance to die gracefully2022-06-26T15:28:39.655820Z 0 [Note] Shutting down slave threads2022-06-26T15:28:39.655827Z 0 [Note] Forcefully disconnecting 0 remaining clients2022-06-26T15:28:39.655832Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events2022-06-26T15:28:39.655888Z 0 [Note] Binlog end2022-06-26T15:28:39.656588Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ngram'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656617Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'partition'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656620Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'BLACKHOLE'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656623Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ARCHIVE'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656628Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656673Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MRG_MYISAM'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656677Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MyISAM'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656688Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656691Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656692Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656694Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656695Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656697Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FIELDS'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656698Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656700Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_INDEXES'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656701Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656703Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLES'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656704Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656705Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656707Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_CONFIG'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656708Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656710Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DELETED'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656712Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656713Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_METRICS'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656714Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656716Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656717Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656719Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656720Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656721Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656723Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656724Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656726Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_RESET'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656727Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656729Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCK_WAITS'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656730Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCKS'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656732Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TRX'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656733Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'InnoDB'2022-06-26T15:28:39.656821Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.2022-06-26T15:28:39.656947Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...2022-06-26T15:28:39.757749Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) to /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool2022-06-26T15:28:39.758359Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) dump completed at 220626 15:28:392022-06-26T15:28:40.867683Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 126599042022-06-26T15:28:40.868723Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data file: "ibtmp1"2022-06-26T15:28:40.868786Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MEMORY'2022-06-26T15:28:40.868797Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV'2022-06-26T15:28:40.868806Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'2022-06-26T15:28:40.868809Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'2022-06-26T15:28:40.868927Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog'2022-06-26T15:28:40.869452Z 0 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete2022-06-26 15:28:41+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Temporary server stopped2022-06-26 15:28:41+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.2022-06-26T15:28:41.826763Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2022-06-26T15:28:41.829217Z 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.7.38) starting as process 1 ...2022-06-26T15:28:41.833358Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available2022-06-26T15:28:41.833401Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2022-06-26T15:28:41.833405Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes2022-06-26T15:28:41.833407Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier2022-06-26T15:28:41.833409Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.112022-06-26T15:28:41.833413Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2022-06-26T15:28:41.833601Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of pools: 12022-06-26T15:28:41.833695Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2022-06-26T15:28:41.834907Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 128M, instances = 1, chunk size = 128M2022-06-26T15:28:41.841702Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2022-06-26T15:28:41.843338Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: If the mysqld execution user is authorized, page cleaner thread priority can be changed. See the man page of setpriority().2022-06-26T15:28:41.855941Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2022-06-26T15:28:41.863940Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables2022-06-26T15:28:41.864047Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...2022-06-26T15:28:41.876055Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.2022-06-26T15:28:41.876965Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 96 redo rollback segment(s) are active.2022-06-26T15:28:41.877023Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.2022-06-26T15:28:41.877694Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start2022-06-26T15:28:41.928214Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 5.7.38 started; log sequence number 126599042022-06-26T15:28:41.928605Z 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.2022-06-26T15:28:41.928913Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool2022-06-26T15:28:41.932057Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 220626 15:28:412022-06-26T15:28:41.933508Z 0 [Note] Found ca.pem, server-cert.pem and server-key.pem in data directory. Trying to enable SSL support using them.2022-06-26T15:28:41.933546Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of SSL certificates as certificate files are present in data directory.2022-06-26T15:28:41.933550Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.2022-06-26T15:28:41.933552Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.2022-06-26T15:28:41.934010Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.2022-06-26T15:28:41.934055Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as key files are present in data directory.2022-06-26T15:28:41.934467Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 33062022-06-26T15:28:41.934560Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.2022-06-26T15:28:41.934595Z 0 [Note]   - '::' resolves to '::';2022-06-26T15:28:41.934611Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.2022-06-26T15:28:41.935353Z 0 [Warning] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.2022-06-26T15:28:41.941874Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events2022-06-26T15:28:41.942103Z 0 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.Version: '5.7.38'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server (GPL)2022-06-26T15:38:08.717095Z 2 [Warning] IP address '192.168.66.10' could not be resolved: Name or service not known

尝试过的解决方法

重复多次，也查了好多资料，但是和我这个情况都不太一样。具名挂载也是这个状况，可以启动运行，宿主机文件夹也被创立，但是是空的，只是会增加一个匿名挂载卷。

我想要达到的结果

指定路径挂载和具名挂载的指令可以正常执行，而不是执行后就变成匿名挂载。
初学者，希望各位多多指教，谢谢啦。