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I/O 虚拟化技术 — VFIO
2022-06-26 03:33:00 【范桂飓】
目录
VFIO — VNF/CNF 的用户态网络协议栈方案
- UIO 的作用是支持用户态网络协议栈,问题是不支持 DMA。
- IOMMU 的作用是支持 DMA Remapping 功能,问题是无法让多个 PCI 设备互相访问。
VFIO(Virtual Function I/O)就是 UIO 和 IOMMU 的升级版,兼顾两者的优点,实现了:
- 在 User Space 配置 IOMMU interface,继而可以将 DMA 地址空间映射限制在用户态进程的虚拟空间中。从而解决了 UIO 不支持 DMA 的问题。
- Passthrough 的最小单元不再是某个单独的 PCI 设备,而是分布在同一个 IOMMU Group 的所有 PCI 设备;
2012 年,随着 Linux Kernel 引入了 VFIO 模块,以及 Device Passthrough 技术的成熟,GPU 虚拟化之路正式开启。次年,VFIO 模块的社区维护者在 KVM Forum 上正式发布了 VGA(图像显示卡)的 Assignment(https://www.linux-kvm.org/images/e/ed/Kvm-forum-2013-VFIO-VGA.
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