ERP overview

ERP It has existed in China for decades , Existence is right .ERP What kind of software is it , What problems did he solve ？

One 、 I am right. ERP The understanding of the

1、 management

ERP As management software , Finally, it serves the management . So the core of this software is to integrate the management ideas . This is also ERP Why do you mean to 7 Sub implementation ,3 Reasons for sub software . Because there is a set of online ERP, It's more than just launching a piece of software , It is also the change of management . Before, the manual documents became electronic documents , In the past, we had to rely on relationships to get through the process , Now we have electronic records , It can be traced back to . This is indeed a management leap and improvement for some enterprises .

2、 technological process

ERP It is the advanced 、 The compliance process is solidified . Let people do things according to the process , Let the organization follow the process . Try to reduce the uncertainty caused by people in the organization , Resulting in management failure . We'll see ERP The main operation of is Forms . It mainly refers to the submission of forms , modify , to examine . Use forms to solidify input , Solidify the process through software . So as to achieve effective management .

You will often see in the later practical operation ERP Tedious form entry , And a lot of properties and controls . At first you will feel that these are very anti human , Why is it designed like this . This is also B End product heel C Different end scenario users .B The end products are for professional personnel , You feel that the sales process is troublesome , That's because you're not a salesperson in an enterprise . You don't understand some of the purchase parameters , That's because you don't often go shopping . For those who operate these modules every day , On the contrary, this design is more convenient for them . So in the right scenario , Do the right process , It's also ERP Main role of .

3、 efficiency

ERP It is to improve the efficiency of the process through advanced software technology . I want to emphasize the importance of software technology and tools . for instance , In the past, the financial department made manual accounts , Making electronic accounts now is an obvious improvement in efficiency . In the past, you can only find materials in the book , Now you can search in the software , This is also an improvement in efficiency . Enterprises want to have a set of ERP, To a large extent, they also want to reduce costs , Increase efficiency .ERP Solved the problem of information sharing 、 Data traceability issues 、 Data analysis problems , If used properly , Yes, it will definitely bring about efficiency improvement .

Two 、ERP The past and this life

Industry is a slow industry , Industrial software is not the same as Internet software , Rapid development and change . It's no exaggeration to say , In the last century 90 Some theories and concepts of the s , For today's ERP It still applies to .

1、 origin

ERP It started in the United States Gartner The company in 20 century 90 Put forward by the time . There are several main points ：

ERP yes MRPII（ Manufacturing Resource Planning ） The next generation of , Adopt the latest information technology , Expand the scope of information integration from within the enterprise to the upstream and downstream of the enterprise , Manage the entire supply chain , Realize supply chain manufacturing .

So from here you can see ,ERP Closely related to manufacturing .ERP Our original intention is to connect the internal and external of the enterprise . But until now, we can only see that some industries have made small-scale experiments , There is still a long way to go before real supply chain manufacturing .

for instance ： I understand what supply chain manufacturing is like ？ Suppose you like a pattern , You want a dress with a certain pattern , Then you can choose the color and pattern of this dress on the Internet 、 Fabric material 、 The size and position of the pattern 、 Clothes size , Time, date and place of delivery （ Express home or pick up at the store ）, Finally, place an order with a certain platform . The platform receives your demand , Then transfer the demand to the best matching manufacturer （ According to the cost and idleness of the manufacturer ） Receive your request , Go to see if there is this fabric in the warehouse 、 If not, check whether the supplier has this fabric , Just look at some suppliers , A round of price comparison was conducted , Look at the historical transaction price . Then order the fabric . After the supplier delivers the materials , You produce . Each production process is traced and tracked . Customers can view in real time .

The example here is similar to the current on-demand manufacturing . But we all know that the cost of mass production must be lower than that of customized multi variety production . So how to realize supply chain manufacturing needs software technology to solve . There was already MRPII Solve manufacturing problems . However, there is a lack of information on the upstream and downstream of the enterprise , All we have ERP The concept of .

2、 Development

20 century 80 years , As mentioned above ERP Come of MRPII, The earliest exploration in China ERP It's also manufacturing . Of course, it was introduced as foreign software at the beginning , For those state-owned enterprises with money and leisure .

20 century 90 years , Foreign software enterprises see that this is a blue ocean in China , They have come to China to set up companies and offices . As we all know today Oracle、IBM、SAP It was at that time that they began to sell to large enterprises in China ERP Of . Then foreign manufacturers call back and forth , Finally, the capital means were used ： Acquisition .

Domestic software companies are not idle . It can be roughly divided into several categories ：

The first category ： The enterprise itself uses foreign MRPII With experience , Then absorb the experience and develop your own software again ： Beijing Bujie Automation Technology Co., Ltd 、 Changchun Qiming 、 Hope information technology

The second category ： Agent or develop foreign software ： Digital China 、 Jin Hang digital 、 Zhuhai tongruan 、 Beijing Hejia .

The third category ： From universities and research units ： Tianjin enterprise star 、 Nanjing Golden thinking 、 Xi'an Botong .

Fourth category ： Financial software company ： Kingdee 、 The friend .

Which of the above-mentioned enterprises will become China ERP Backbone of , I don't think I need to say that everyone knows . Some novices ERP adviser , Maybe I haven't even heard their names . Some of the enterprises mentioned above have special resources and positions , I still live very well . Some have chosen transformation because of the trend of the times and the development of technology . Some have gone out of business , Disappeared in the dust of history . Every time I think of it, I feel a little sad . In addition to its own efforts, an enterprise with an everlasting Foundation , And keep up with the trend of the times , From this point of view , Enterprises have created the times , At the same time, it is the times that have made the enterprise .

Reading the calendar can tell the rise and fall , I have thought about , Why did the final financial start ERP Be able to take the lead in China's management software industry . Finally, I think maybe the end of the story may have been doomed at the beginning （ Somewhat pessimistic fatalism ）. Because the financial software has regulations , There are national policies and regulations , So no matter from the perspective of Standardization , From the perspective of implementation necessity , It's all other MRP Beyond the reach of enterprises . for instance , A medium-sized enterprise , There can be no production management software , But there must be no financial software . In addition, I think financial software is close to money , It is also a major reason . Domestic software is related to money , Are easy to implement and promote .

3. The story of the future

With ERP Enterprises have announced cloud strategy . We'll talk about it later ERP Maybe it's all in the cloud SaaS " ERP 了 . Every wave of times will inevitably create some enterprises , It will also make some enterprises lost . The domestic open source environment is becoming more and more mature , Will also change ERP Pattern . future ERP Which direction should the software go , Which enterprises can follow the trend . The following story is written by you and me .

3、 ... and 、ERP Integration with the manufacturer's business process

1、 Internal and external integration

We are talking about many information systems today PDM、CRM、SRM、MES wait . It can be roughly divided into two categories ：

One is right ERP Enhancement of certain functions , such as MES Enhanced ERP Production management ,SRM Strengthened supplier management . One is right ERP For example CAD It complements the product design 、CRM It supplements the pre link customer relationship stage of customer sales management .

So understand and master ERP It plays a vital role in the operation of the whole enterprise and the software of the enterprise .

 

2、 Enterprise internal processes

Common internal operation processes of enterprises . From a clue to the final customer acceptance , Forming a complete closed loop . Start with the customer , Finally, the customer , The core is to meet the real needs of customers . Each process can be viewed from the perspective of customer needs , Understand again . So only companies that meet customer needs , To make a lasting foundation .

sales ： The customer needs something , You happen to have .

contract ： Record the customer's needs in black and white .

Research and development ： Research the products that customers need .

purchase ： Reduce the cost of meeting customer needs .

production ： Make what the customer wants .

test ： Make sure that the items given to the customer are OK .

Warehouse ： Temporarily store the customer's things .

Shipment ： Deliver what the customer wants as soon as possible .

Different industries may not necessarily have different processes in each area , For example, the FMCG industry does not need to produce . What comes in is the finished product , What goes out is also a finished product . But the general process is similar . If your business lacks a core process , Or a process is not well done , There will be uncontrollable risks in that high probability . for example ： Storage is not done well , Typically, there is too much overstock , Some things have no place to put , Some things were left untouched for a few years . The storage cost is too high , The profit margin is relatively low .

ERP It can help us standardize these processes , Let you find the problems in each process , And solve it in time .