Machine learning - Data Science Library - day two

Draw a scatter plot

Suppose you get Beijing through a reptile 2016 year 3,10 The highest temperature during the day in January ( Respectively in the list a,b), So how to find out the breath temperature at this time, over time ( God ) Some law of change ?
a = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
b = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
import matplotlib
my_font = matplotlib.rc('font',family='MicroSoft YaHei',weight='bold')
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]
x_3 = range(1,32)
x_10 = range(51,82)
# Set graphic size 
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
# Use scatter Method to draw scatter diagram , The only difference from the previous line chart 
plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label="3 month ")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label="10 month ")
# adjustment x Axis scale 
_x = list(x_3)+list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3 month {} Japan ".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10 month {} Japan ".format(i-50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::3],_xtick_labels[::3],fontproperties=my_font,rotation=45)
# Add legend 
plt.legend(loc="upper left",prop=my_font)
# Add a description 
plt.xlabel(" Time ",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel(" temperature ",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title(" title ",fontproperties=my_font)
# Exhibition 
plt.show()

Running results ：

More application scenarios of scatter chart

• Different conditions ( dimension ) The internal relationship between
• Observe the degree of discrete aggregation of data

Draw a bar graph

Suppose you get 2017 Before the box office of mainland films in 20 In the movie ( list a) And movie box office data ( list b), So how to show the data more intuitively ?
a = [“ Warwolf 2”,“ Fast and furious 8”,“ Kung Fu Yoga ”,“ The west journey fu demon ”,“ The transformers 5： The last Knight ”,“ Wrestling. ！ Dad ”,“ Pirates of the Caribbean 5： There was no testimony of witness after the conspirator passed away ”,“ Peter Jackson's King Kong ： Skull Island ”,“ Extreme agent ： Ultimate return ”,“ Biochemical crisis 6： The final chapter ”,“ Ride the wind and waves ”,“ Despicable Me 3”,“ Take advantage of Weihushan ”,“ Make a fuss about Tianzhu ”,“ Wolverine 3： To death ”,“ spider-man ： The hero returns ”,“ The wu is empty the ”,“ Galaxy escort 2”,“ Feeling saint ”,“ The new mummy ”,]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] Company : Billion
bar() Methods draw a bar chart , use width To control the thickness of lines

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
import matplotlib
my_font = matplotlib.rc('font',family='MicroSoft YaHei',weight='bold')
a = [" Warwolf 2"," Fast and furious 8"," Kung Fu Yoga "," The west journey fu demon "," The transformers 5： The last Knight "," Wrestling. ！ Dad "," Pirates of the Caribbean 5： There was no testimony of witness after the conspirator passed away "," Peter Jackson's King Kong ： Skull Island "," Extreme agent ： Ultimate return "," Biochemical crisis 6： The final chapter "," Ride the wind and waves "," Despicable Me 3"," Take advantage of Weihushan "," Make a fuss about Tianzhu "," Wolverine 3： To death "," spider-man ： The hero returns "," The wu is empty the "," Galaxy escort 2"," Feeling saint "," The new mummy ",]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# Set graphic size 
plt.figure(figsize=(20,15),dpi=80)
# Draw a bar graph 
plt.bar(range(len(a)),b,width=0.3)
# Set the string to x Axis 
plt.xticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font,rotation=90)
plt.savefig("./movie.png")
plt.show()

Running results ：

But the presentation effect of abscissa is not very good , You can exchange its horizontal and vertical coordinates ,
use barh() Method to draw a horizontal bar graph , use height To control the height of lines **

# Draw a horizontal bar chart 
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
import matplotlib
my_font = matplotlib.rc('font',family='MicroSoft YaHei',weight='bold')
a = [" Warwolf 2"," Fast and furious 8"," Kung Fu Yoga "," The west journey fu demon "," The transformers 5： The last Knight "," Wrestling. ！ Dad "," Pirates of the Caribbean 5： There was no testimony of witness after the conspirator passed away "," Peter Jackson's King Kong ： Skull Island "," Extreme agent ： Ultimate return "," Biochemical crisis 6： The final chapter "," Ride the wind and waves "," Despicable Me 3"," Take advantage of Weihushan "," Make a fuss about Tianzhu "," Wolverine 3： To death "," spider-man ： The hero returns "," The wu is empty the "," Galaxy escort 2"," Feeling saint "," The new mummy ",]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# Set graphic size 
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
# Draw a bar graph 
plt.barh(range(len(a)),b,height=0.3,color="orange")
# Set the string to x Axis 
plt.yticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font)
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.show()

Running results ：

【 practice 】 Suppose you know the list a The Chinese films are in 2017-09-14(b_14), 2017-09-15(b_15), 2017-09-16(b_16) Three days at the box office , In order to show the box office of the film itself in the list and the data comparison with other films , How to present the data more intuitively ?
a = [“ Scarlet ball rise 3： The ultimate battle ”,“ Dunkirk ”,“ spider-man ： The hero returns ”,“ Warwolf 2”]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
my_font = matplotlib.rc('font',family='MicroSoft YaHei',weight='bold')
a = [" Scarlet ball rise 3： The ultimate battle "," Dunkirk "," spider-man ： The hero returns "," Warwolf 2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]
bar_width = 0.2
x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 =  [i+bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]
# Set graphic size 
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.bar(range(len(a)),b_14,width=bar_width,label="9 month 14 Japan ")
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9 month 15 Japan ")
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9 month 16 Japan ")
# Set legend 
plt.legend(prop=my_font)
# Set up x Axis scale 
plt.xticks(x_15,a,fontproperties=my_font)
plt.show()

Running results ：

More application scenarios of bar chart

• Quantity statistics
• frequency count ( Market saturation )

Draw histogram

use hist() Method to draw histogram
Suppose you get 250 The length of a movie ( list a in ), I hope to find out the distribution of the duration of these films ( For example, the duration is 100 Minutes to 120 The number of movies per minute , Frequency of occurrence ) Etc , How do you present the data ?
a=[131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
# Count groups 
d = 3  # Group spacing 
num_bins = (max(a)-min(a))//d
print(max(a),min(a),max(a)-min(a))
print(num_bins)
# Set the size of the graph 
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.hist(a,num_bins,density=True,stacked=True)
# Set up x Axis scale 
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))
plt.grid()
plt.show()

Running results ：

What is given in the tutorial is normed Method , But the program will report an error after running ：AttributeError:‘Rectangle’ object has no property ‘normed’
Learned through Baidu , Because this library has been updated , This attribute is no longer available , So put the code normed Replace this attribute with density, Add another attribute stacked=True. After the modification, it will be successful to run again

### Histogram more application scenarios

• User's age distribution status
• The distribution of user clicks over a period of time
• The distribution of user active time

matplotlib Summary of the processes used

1. Clarify the problem
2. Choose how the graphics are rendered
3. Prepare the data
4. Drawing and graphic perfection